ArticlePlant physiology2012
A land-plant-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family in Arabidopsis: substrate specificity, sn-2 preference, and evolution.
Article in Plant physiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.
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105 citing papers in PubMed, 227 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unexpected Suppression of Tomato Fruit Cuticle Formation by Overexpression of a Key Cutin Biosynthetic Enzyme.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Wheat GT-1-like Transcription Factor Boosts Cutin Biosynthesis.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Identification and Functional Characterization of the GPAT Gene Family in Regulating Oil Biosynthesis in Olive.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Phospholipid Networks as Metabolic Hubs and Signaling Integrators in Plant Development and Stress Adaptation.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Genome-wide characterization and transcriptional profiling of the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) family in barley reveals the role of HvGPAT1 in low nitrogen tolerance.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Wheat Class I TCP Transcription Factor TaTCP15 Positively Regulates Cutin and Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Lipid droplets at the interface of plant defense and pathogen exploitation.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Genome-wide analysis of theFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial GPATs protect Arabidopsis from water stress by impacting cuticle and secondary cell wall development.Plant cell reports · 2025Article
- Genetic mapping and validation of QTL for whitefly resistance in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz).TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- MYB74 transcription factor guides de novo specification of epidermal cells in the abscission zone of Arabidopsis.Nature plants · 2025Article
- Temperature-dependent polar lignification of a seed coat suberin layer promoting dormancy inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Towards rational control of seed oil composition: dissecting cellular organization and flux control of lipid metabolism.Plant physiology · 2025Review
- Synergistic mechanisms of DGAT and PDAT in shaping triacylglycerol diversity: evolutionary insights and metabolic engineering strategies.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Suberin in plants: biosynthesis, regulation, and its role in salt stress resistance.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Genome-Wide Identification of the GPAT Family inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Variation in a Poaceae-conserved fatty acid metabolic gene cluster controls rice yield by regulating male fertility.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Pattern of the GPAT Gene Family in Barley and Functional Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- TheProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- A molecular atlas of plastid and mitochondrial proteins reveals organellar remodeling during plant evolutionary transitions from algae to angiosperms.PLoS biology · 2024Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has eight glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) genes that are members of a plant-specific family with three distinct clades. Several of these GPATs are required for the synthesis of cutin or suberin. Unlike GPATs with sn-1 regiospecificity involved in membrane or storage lipid synthesis, GPAT4 and -6 are unique bifunctional enzymes with both sn-2 acyltransferase and phosphatase activity resulting in 2-monoacylglycerol products. We present enzymology, pathway organization, and evolutionary analysis of this GPAT family. Within the cutin-associated clade, GPAT8 is demonstrated as a bifunctional sn-2 acyltransferase/phosphatase. GPAT4, -6, and -8 strongly prefer C16:0 and C18:1 ω-oxidized acyl-coenzyme As (CoAs) over unmodified or longer acyl chain substrates. In contrast, suberin-associated GPAT5 can accommodate a broad chain length range of ω-oxidized and unsubstituted acyl-CoAs. These substrate specificities (1) strongly support polyester biosynthetic pathways in which acyl transfer to glycerol occurs after oxidation of the acyl group, (2) implicate GPAT specificities as one major determinant of cutin and suberin composition, and (3) argue against a role of sn-2-GPATs (Enzyme Commission 2.3.1.198) in membrane/storage lipid synthesis. Evidence is presented that GPAT7 is induced by wounding, produces suberin-like monomers when overexpressed, and likely functions in suberin biosynthesis. Within the third clade, we demonstrate that GPAT1 possesses sn-2 acyltransferase but not phosphatase activity and can utilize dicarboxylic acyl-CoA substrates. Thus, sn-2 acyltransferase activity extends to all subbranches of the Arabidopsis GPAT family. Phylogenetic analyses of this family indicate that GPAT4/6/8 arose early in land-plant evolution (bryophytes), whereas the phosphatase-minus GPAT1 to -3 and GPAT5/7 clades diverged later with the appearance of tracheophytes.
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