Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22863601›Full record

ArticleJournal of health and social behavior2012

Training for efficiency: work, time, and systems-based practice in medical residency.

Julia E Szymczak, Charles L Bosk

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of health and social behavior, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Coaching Efficiency in Residency: From "Go Faster" to FOCUS.Journal of graduate medical education · 2026
    Article
  3. Beyond Competence: Efficiency in American Biomedicine.Culture, medicine and psychiatry · 2024
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. A Roadmap to Leadership During the Postgraduate Residency in India.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2021
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Transforming Ward Rounds Through Rounding-in-Flow.Journal of graduate medical education · 2014
    Article
  13. Article
  14. A prospective study on the attitude of post graduates in general pediatrics toward pediatric oncology subspeciality as a career.Indian journal of medical and paediatric oncology : official journal of Indian Society of Medical & Paediatric Oncology · 2014
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Julia E SzymczakUniversity of Pennsylvania, Department of Sociology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. jszymcza@sas.upenn.edu
Charles L Bosk

Funding

Work Hour Regulation for Physician Trainees: Educational and Clinical OutcomesR01HL094593 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI VOLPP, KEVIN G · 2009 to 2011
$2.4M
NHLBI NIH HHS 5R01HL094593-03NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL094593
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medical residency is a period of intense socialization with a heavy workload. Previous sociological studies have identified efficiency as a practical skill necessary for success. However, many contextual features of the training environment have undergone dramatic change since these studies were conducted. What are the consequences of these changes for the socialization of residents to time management and the development of a professional identity? Based on observations of and interviews with internal medicine residents at three training programs, we find that efficiency is both a social norm and strategy that residents employ to manage a workload for which the demand for work exceeds the supply of time available to accomplish it. We found that residents struggle to be efficient in the face of seemingly intractable "systems" problems. Residents work around these problems, and in doing so develop a tolerance for organizational vulnerabilities.

Indexed as

SocializationAdaptation, PsychologicalEfficiencyHumansInternal MedicineInternship and ResidencyTime FactorsTime ManagementUnited StatesWorkload

Identifiers

PMID22863601
PMCPMC3886114

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.