ArticleMedical and veterinary entomology2013
Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis in western Kenya: phenotypic, metabolic and target site characterizations of three populations.
Article in Medical and veterinary entomology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature onInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Trends in the selection of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in northwest Tanzania during a community randomized trial of longlasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2015Trial
- Mechanism of metabolic resistance in Anopheles coluzzii to insecticides in two urban areas of southern Benin.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Molecular markers of reduced behavioral sensitivity to transfluthrin in Anopheles gambiae s.s. from Western Kenya.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Article
- Efficacy of PermaNetMalaria journal · 2024Article
- Mosquito Gut Microbiota: A Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Key gene modules and hub genes associated with pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes: a systems biology approach.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Spatio-temporal characterization of phenotypic resistance in malaria vector species.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Malaria transmission potential of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in indoor residual spraying areas with clothianidin 50 WG in northern Benin.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Article
- Assessing insecticide susceptibility, diagnostic dose and time for the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Characterizing pyrethroid resistance and mechanisms inCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2023Article
- The resting behavior of malaria vectors in different ecological zones of Ghana and its implications for vector control.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Relationship between temperature and Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes' susceptibility to pyrethroids and expression of metabolic enzymes.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Cypermethrin and ivermectin resistance in field populations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Latrielle, 1806) collected from dogs in south India.Veterinary research communications · 2022Article
- Behavioral responses of pyrethroid resistant and susceptible Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to insecticide treated bed net.PloS one · 2022Article
- Characterization of resistance profile (intensity and mechanisms) of Anopheles gambiae in three communes of northern Benin, West Africa.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Insecticide resistance status in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in coastal Kenya.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Phenotypic Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae): Specific Characterization of Underlying Resistance Mechanisms Still Matters.Journal of medical entomology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Field and laboratory investigations revealed phenotypic, target site and metabolic resistance to permethrin in an Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) population in Bungoma District, a region in western Kenya in which malaria is endemic and rates of ownership of insecticide-treated bednets are high. The sensitivity of individual An. gambiae s.l. females as indicated in assays using World Health Organization (WHO) test kits demonstrated reduced mortality in response to permethrin, deltamethrin and bendiocarb. Estimated time to knock-down of 50% (KDT50 ) of the test population in Centers for Disease Control (CDC) bottle bioassays was significantly lengthened for the three insecticides compared with that in a susceptible control strain. Anopheles arabiensis from all three sites showed higher mortality to all three insecticides in the WHO susceptibility assays compared with the CDC bottle assays, in which they showed less sensitivity and longer KDT50 than the reference strain for permethrin and deltamethrin. Microplate assays revealed elevated activity of β-esterases and oxidases, but not glutathione-S-transferase, in An. gambiae s.s. survivors exposed to permethrin in bottle bioassays compared with knocked down and unexposed individuals. No An. arabiensis showed elevated enzyme activity. The 1014S kdr allele was fixed in the Bungoma An. gambiae s.s. population and absent from An. arabiensis, whereas the 1014F kdr allele was absent from all samples of both species. Insecticide resistance could compromise vector control in Bungoma and could spread to other areas as coverage with longlasting insecticide-treated bednets increases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.