ArticlePloS one2012
MMP-9 cleaves SP-D and abrogates its innate immune functions in vitro.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of the Matrix Metalloproteinases Family Profile in Gastric Cancer Suggests Key Matrix Metalloproteinases for Tumor Development and Their Clinical Impact.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2026Article
- Levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) are elevated in persons with major depressive disorder who have had a recent suicide attempt.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Chronic Exposure to Two Regimens of Waterpipe Smoke Elicits Lung Injury, Genotoxicity, and Mitochondrial Impairment with the Involvement of MAPKs Activation in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Promoting immune defensive responses of epithelial cells in airway disease.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- The role and mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in peripheral neuropathic pain.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Are Elevated in Persons With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The Role of Modifiable Factors.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Multiomics links global surfactant dysregulation with airflow obstruction and emphysema in COPD.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- The Role of MMPs in the Era of CFTR Modulators: An Additional Target for Cystic Fibrosis Patients?Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Transcriptome analysis of thymic tissues from Chinese Partridge Shank chickens with or without Newcastle disease virus LaSota vaccine injection via high-throughput RNA sequencing.Bioengineered · 2022Article
- Research Progress in the Molecular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, and Drug Development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Chronic bacterial pulmonary infections in advanced cystic fibrosis differently affect the level of sputum neutrophil elastase, IL-8 and IL-6.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Proteases, Mucus, and Mucosal Immunity in Chronic Lung Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Increased Ratio of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)/Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 from Alveolar Macrophages in Chronic Asthma with a Fast Decline in FEVJournal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction causes CaFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2018Review
- Reversal of TREM-1 ectodomain shedding and improved bacterial clearance by intranasal metalloproteinase inhibitors.Mucosal immunology · 2017Article
- Free DNA in cystic fibrosis airway fluids correlates with airflow obstruction.Mediators of inflammation · 2015Article
- Eosinophil-associated lung diseases. A cry for surfactant proteins A and D help?American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2014Review
- Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is involved in airway inflammation in cough variant asthma.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2014Article
- Current concepts: host-pathogen interactions in cystic fibrosis airways disease.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Possession of a properly functioning innate immune system in the lung is vital to prevent infections due to the ongoing exposure of the lung to pathogens. While mechanisms of pulmonary innate immunity have been well studied, our knowledge of how these systems are altered in disease states, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, is limited. One innate immune protein in the lung, the pulmonary collectin SP-D, has been shown to be important in innate immune defense, as well as clearance of allergens and apoptotic cells. MMP-9 is a protease with a wide variety of substrates, and has been found to be dysregulated in a myriad of lung diseases ranging from asthma to cystic fibrosis; in many of these conditions, there are decreased levels of SP-D. Our results indicate that MMP-9 is able to cleave SP-D in vitro and this cleavage leads to loss of its innate immune functions, including its abilities to aggregate bacteria and increase phagocytosis by mouse alveolar macrophages. However, MMP-9-cleaved SP-D was still detected in a solid-phase E. coli LPS-binding assay, while NE-cleaved SP-D was not. In addition, MMP-9 seems to cleave SP-D much more efficiently than NE at physiological levels of calcium. Previous studies have shown that in several diseases, including cystic fibrosis and asthma, patients have increased expression of MMP-9 in the lungs as well as decreased levels of intact SP-D. As patients suffering from many of the diseases in which MMP-9 is over-expressed can be more susceptible to pulmonary infections, it is possible that MMP-9 cleavage of SP-D may contribute to this phenotype.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.