ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2012
Physical basis for the adaptive flexibility of Bacillus spore coats.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Elucidating Antibiotic Permeation through theJournal of chemical information and modeling · 2024Article
- Hydration solids.Nature · 2023Article
- Advances in engineeredSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2021Review
- Structural, Metabolic and Evolutionary Comparison of Bacterial Endospore and Exospore Formation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Resilient living materials built by printing bacterial spores.Nature chemical biology · 2020Article
- Identifying different types of microorganisms with terahertz spectroscopy.Biomedical optics express · 2020Article
- Analysis of killing of growing cells and dormant and germinated spores of Bacillus species by black silicon nanopillars.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Protein Synthesis during Germination: Shedding New Light on a Classical Question.Journal of bacteriology · 2016Article
- Nanomechanical Characterization of Bacillus anthracis Spores by Atomic Force Microscopy.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- High-precision fitting measurements of the kinetics of size changes during germination of individual Bacillus spores.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- Bacillus spores as building blocks for stimuli-responsive materials and nanogenerators.Nature nanotechnology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacillus spores are highly resistant dormant cells formed in response to starvation. The spore is surrounded by a structurally complex protein shell, the coat, which protects the genetic material. In spite of its dormancy, once nutrient is available (or an appropriate physical stimulus is provided) the spore is able to resume metabolic activity and return to vegetative growth, a process requiring the coat to be shed. Spores dynamically expand and contract in response to humidity, demanding that the coat be flexible. Despite the coat's critical biological functions, essentially nothing is known about the design principles that allow the coat to be tough but also flexible and, when metabolic activity resumes, to be efficiently shed. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that these apparently incompatible characteristics derive from an adaptive mechanical response of the coat. We generated a mechanical model predicting the emergence and dynamics of the folding patterns uniformly seen in Bacillus spore coats. According to this model, spores carefully harness mechanical instabilities to fold into a wrinkled pattern during sporulation. Owing to the inherent nonlinearity in their formation, these wrinkles persist during dormancy and allow the spore to accommodate changes in volume without compromising structural and biochemical integrity. This characteristic of the spore and its coat may inspire design of adaptive materials.
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Registered trials
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