ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2013
Changes in calcitropic hormones, bone markers and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) during pregnancy and postpartum: a controlled cohort study.
Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: Updated meta-analysis on maternal outcomes.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2016Pooled it
- Bone turnover in pregnancy, measured by urinary CTX, is influenced by vitamin D supplementation and is associated with maternal bone health: findings from the Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study (MAVIDOS) trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
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- Influence of hormonal status in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - analysis of an online patient questionnaire.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Biochemical osteomalacia during pregnancy or lactation: an observational study in Sweden.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Women's bone health trajectories from pregnancy to postpartum: Associations with bone-seeking metal exposure mixtures during pregnancy.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2025Article
- Influence of Overweight and Obesity on Bone Remodeling during Pregnancy.Research square · 2025Article
- Vaginal Administration of Progesterone in Twin Gestation: Influence on Bone Turnover and Oxidative Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Altered thermal preference by preoptic estrogen receptor alpha neurons in postpartum females.Molecular metabolism · 2025Article
- Osteocalcin in human breast milk over the course of lactation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Observational
- Wild bonobos experience unusually low bone resorption during early lactation relative to humans and other mammals.Evolutionary human sciences · 2025Article
- Effective strategies for pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis: teriparatide use in focus.Endocrine · 2024Review
- Association of 25(OH)-Vitamin D3 Serum Concentrations and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variants with the Risk of Idiopathic Spontaneous Preterm Birth in the Croatian Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- FGFR4 Is Required for Concentric Growth of Cardiac Myocytes during Physiologic Cardiac Hypertrophy.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Consideration of hormonal changes for orthodontic treatment during pregnancy and lactation - a review.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2024Review
- Associations of free, bioavailable and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with neonatal birth anthropometry and calcium homoeostasis in mother-child pairs in a sunny Mediterranean region.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Bone turnover in lactating and nonlactating women.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledPregnancy and lactation cause major changes in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. This population-based cohort study presents the physiological changes in biochemical indices of calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism during pregnancy and lactation
introductionWe describe physiological changes in calcium homeostasis, calcitropic hormones and bone metabolism during pregnancy and lactation.
methodsWe studied 153 women planning pregnancy (n=92 conceived) and 52 non-pregnant, age-matched female controls. Samples were collected prior to pregnancy, once each trimester and 2, 16 and 36 weeks postpartum. The controls were followed in parallel.
resultsP-estradiol (E2), prolactin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) increased (p<0.001) during pregnancy, whereas plasma levels of parathyroid hormone (P-PTH) and calcitonin decreased (p<0.01). Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was suppressed (p<0.05) in early pregnancy but peaked in the third trimester. Postpartum, E2 was low (p<0.05); prolactin decreased according to lactation status (p<0.05). 1,25(OH)2D was normal and IGF-I was again reduced (p<0.05). P-PTH and calcitonin increased postpartum. From early pregnancy, markers of bone resorption and formation rose and fall, respectively (p<0.001). From the third trimester, bone formation markers increased in association with IGF-I changes (p<0.01). Postpartum increases in bone turnover markers were associated with lactation status (p<0.001). During lactation, plasma phosphate was increased, whereas calcium levels tended to be decreased which may stimulate PTH levels during and after prolonged lactation.
conclusionThe increased calcium requirements in early pregnancy are not completely offset by increased intestinal calcium absorption caused by high 1,25(OH)2D since changes in bone markers indicated a negative bone balance. The rise in bone formation in late pregnancy may be initiated by a spike in IGF-I levels. The high bone turnover in lactating women may be related to high prolactin and PTH levels, low E2 levels and perhaps increased parathyroid hormone-related protein levels.
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