ReviewNutrients2012
Ergogenic effects of β-alanine and carnosine: proposed future research to quantify their efficacy.
Review in Nutrients, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Carnosine for Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients (Car-PAD)
Effects of Carnosine In Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients; Randomized Intervention Trial (CIPHER)
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Effects of different dietary supplements combined with conditioning training on muscle strength, jump performance, sprint speed, and muscle mass in athletes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Space Flight Diet-Induced Deficiency and Response to Gravity-Free Resistive Exercise.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- β-Alanine Is an Unexploited Neurotransmitter in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- The emerging role of protein L-lactylation in metabolic regulation and cell signalling.Nature metabolism · 2025Review
- Effects of Feed Restriction on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilisation, Biochemical Parameters, and the Caecum Microbiota and Metabolites in Rabbits.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Protein lactylation in cancer: mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- The Possible Roles ofCurrent medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal stromal cells secretome restores bioenergetic and redox homeostasis in human proximal tubule cells after ischemic injury.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Article
- The Impact of Pigment-Epithelium-Derived Factor on MCF-7 Cell Metabolism in the Context of Glycaemic Condition.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Identification of Possible Salivary Metabolic Biomarkers and Altered Metabolic Pathways in South American Patients Diagnosed with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Metabolites · 2021Article
- Effects of dietary inclusion of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract on lamb muscle metabolomics and physicochemical properties in meat.Journal of animal science · 2021Article
- Pyruvate accumulation may contribute to acceleration-induced impairment of physical and cognitive abilities: an experimental study.Bioscience reports · 2021Article
- Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Judo-Related Performance: A Review.Journal of human kinetics · 2021Article
- Caffeine and Bicarbonate for Speed. A Meta-Analysis of Legal Supplements Potential for Improving Intense Endurance Exercise Performance.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Review
- Effects of Running Wheel Activity and Dietary HMB and β-alanine Co-Supplementation on Muscle Quality in Aged Male Rats.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2017Article
- Acute Carnosine Administration Increases Respiratory Chain Complexes and Citric Acid Cycle Enzyme Activities in Cerebral Cortex of Young Rats.Molecular neurobiology · 2016Article
- Characterization of the metabolic effect of β-alanine on markers of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle.Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry · 2016Article
- Mitochondrial defects associated with β-alanine toxicity: relevance to hyper-beta-alaninemia.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
β-alanine is an amino acid that, when combined with histidine, forms the dipeptide carnosine within skeletal muscle. Carnosine and β-alanine each have multiple purposes within the human body; this review focuses on their roles as ergogenic aids to exercise performance and suggests how to best quantify the former's merits as a buffer. Carnosine normally makes a small contribution to a cell's total buffer capacity; yet β-alanine supplementation raises intracellular carnosine concentrations that in turn improve a muscle's ability to buffer protons. Numerous studies assessed the impact of oral β-alanine intake on muscle carnosine levels and exercise performance. β-alanine may best act as an ergogenic aid when metabolic acidosis is the primary factor for compromised exercise performance. Blood lactate kinetics, whereby the concentration of the metabolite is measured as it enters and leaves the vasculature over time, affords the best opportunity to assess the merits of β-alanine supplementation's ergogenic effect. Optimal β-alanine dosages have not been determined for persons of different ages, genders and nutritional/health conditions. Doses as high as 6.4 g day(-1), for ten weeks have been administered to healthy subjects. Paraesthesia is to date the only side effect from oral β-alanine ingestion. The severity and duration of paraesthesia episodes are dose-dependent. It may be unwise for persons with a history of paraesthesia to ingest β-alanine. As for any supplement, caution should be exercised with β-alanine supplementation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.