ArticlePaediatrics & child health2011
Paediatric complicated pneumonia: Diagnosis and management of empyema.
Article in Paediatrics & child health, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy Versus Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery, as the Initial Treatment Modality, in Children with Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Indian pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy as the Initial Modality, Compared to no Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy, in Children With Empyema: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Indian pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Evidence-Based Guideline on Prioritized Issues for the Management of Empyema Thoracis in Children.Indian pediatrics · 2026Guideline
- Effectiveness of Intrapleural Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Dornase Alfa vs Tissue Plasminogen Activator Alone in Children with Pleural Empyema: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Clinical utility of lung ultrasound in differentiating and monitoring complicated pediatric pneumonia: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical Practices for Management of Empyema Thoracis in Children: A Survey of Pediatricians in India.Indian pediatrics · 2026Article
- SHAP based feature selection for machine learning prediction of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with atelectasis in children.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical Profiles, Management, and Outcomes of Complicated Pneumonia in Children: A Retrospective Study from Tertiary Centers in Jordan.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Pneumonia Outcomes: A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by effusion: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Article
- Combined influence of practice guidelines and prospective audit and feedback stewardship on antimicrobial treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and empyema in children: 2012 to 2016.Paediatrics & child health · 2021Article
- Article
- From Bedside to the Bench-A Call for Novel Approaches to Prognostic Evaluation and Treatment of Empyema.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Drug use evaluation (DUE) of ceftriaxone: A quality metric in a pediatric hospital.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2020Article
- Loculated empyema in a neonate successfully treated with chest tube thoracostomy and antibiotics.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2020Article
- Severe Pulmonary Infection in a 20-Month-Old Female.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Trends in Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia in an Ontario Local Health Integration Network.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia among Greek children: epidemiology, molecular characteristics, treatment, and outcome.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pneumonia can be complicated by an empyema, progressing from an exudative effusion, to a fibrinopurulent stage with loculations, and then organized with a thick fibrinous peel. The predominant causative organisms are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphyloccocus aureus (including methicillin-resistant S aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes. Recently, an increased incidence of paediatric complicated pneumonia has been reported. For diagnostic imaging, a chest radiograph followed by a chest ultrasound is preferred. Computed tomography chest scans, with associated radiation, should not be routinely used. Antibiotic coverage should treat the most common causative organisms. Additional invasive or surgical management is recommended to reduce the duration of illness in cases not promptly responding to antibiotics or with significant respiratory compromise. Choice of management should be guided by best evidence and local expertise. Video-assisted thorascopic surgery or insertion of a small-bore percutaneous chest tube with instillation of fibrinolytics are the best current options.
Indexed as
Identifiers
22851899PMC3200394What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.