ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Nocardia brasiliensis cell wall lipids modulate macrophage and dendritic responses that favor development of experimental actinomycetoma in BALB/c mice.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mast Cells Control the Bacterial Burden and Grain Formation in Murine Experimental Actinomycetoma Induced byPathogens & immunity · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms underlyingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Pulmonary infection byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Nocardia brasiliensis infection causes skin abscesses around the eyes: A case-report and review of literature.IDCases · 2026Article
- Sustained neutrophil infiltration and bacterial grain morphology underlie chronic mycetoma pathology in a murine model.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of β - hydroxy - γ -aminophosphonate (β - HPC) on the hydrolytic activity ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Intracellular behavior ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Isolation and Characterization of Nocardiae Associated with Foaming Coastal Marine Waters.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Global analysis of adenylate-forming enzymes reveals β-lactone biosynthesis pathway in pathogenicThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- The Role of Interleukin-1 cytokine family (IL-1β, IL-37) and interleukin-12 cytokine family (IL-12, IL-35) in eumycetoma infection pathogenesis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
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- Genomic Changes Associated with the Loss of Nocardia brasiliensis Virulence in Mice after 200 In Vitro Passages.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
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- Article
- In Vivo Activity of the Benzothiazinones PBTZ169 and BTZ043 against Nocardia brasiliensis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Activity of cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide in milk leucocytes following intramammary inoculation of a bio-response modifier during bovine Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis.Veterinary research communications · 2014Article
- Nocardia brasiliensis induces formation of foamy macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo.PloS one · 2014Article
- Relevance of trehalose in pathogenicity: some general rules, yet many exceptions.PLoS pathogens · 2013Article
- Article
- Nocardia farcinica activates human dendritic cells and induces secretion of interleukin-23 (IL-23) rather than IL-12p70.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nocardia brasiliensis is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium frequently isolated from human actinomycetoma. However, the pathogenesis of this infection remains unknown. Here, we used a model of bacterial delipidation with benzine to investigate the role of N. brasiliensis cell wall-associated lipids in experimental actinomycetoma. Delipidation of N. brasiliensis with benzine resulted in complete abolition of actinomycetoma without affecting bacterial viability. Chemical analyses revealed that trehalose dimycolate and an unidentified hydrophobic compound were the principal compounds extracted from N. brasiliensis with benzine. By electron microscopy, the extracted lipids were found to be located in the outermost membrane layer of the N. brasiliensis cell wall. They also appeared to confer acid-fastness. In vitro, the extractable lipids from the N. brasiliensis cell wall induced the production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and CCL-2 in macrophages. The N. brasiliensis cell wall extractable lipids inhibited important macrophage microbicidal effects, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) expression in response to gamma interferon (IFN-γ). In dendritic cells (DCs), N. brasiliensis cell wall-associated extractable lipids suppressed MHC-II, CD80, and CD40 expression while inducing tumor growth factor β (TGF-β) production. Immunization with delipidated N. brasiliensis induced partial protection preventing actinomycetoma. These findings suggest that N. brasiliensis cell wall-associated lipids are important for actinomycetoma development by inducing inflammation and modulating the responses of macrophages and DCs to N. brasiliensis.
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