ArticleClinical & experimental metastasis2012
Lymphatics, lymph nodes and the immune system: barriers and gateways for cancer spread.
Article in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Prognostic influences of lymph node ratio in major cancers of Taiwan: a longitudinal study from a single cancer center.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2015Trial
- Breast cancer remodels lymphatics in sentinel lymph nodes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Lymph node harvesting after laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision colectomy in colon cancer with practical application of glacial acid, absolute ethanol, water, and formaldehyde solution: A prospective cohort study.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- The Evolving Landscape of B Cells in Cancer Metastasis.Cancer research · 2023Review
- Loss of dyskerin facilitates the acquisition of metastatic traits by altering the mevalonate pathway.Life science alliance · 2023Article
- Induction of potassium channel regulator KCNE4 in a submandibular lymph node metastasis model.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- EGFR, HER2, and HER3 protein expression in paired primary tumor and lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2022Review
- Solid stress impairs lymphocyte infiltration into lymph-node metastases.Nature biomedical engineering · 2021Article
- Article
- Fate Mapping of Cancer Cells in Metastatic Lymph Nodes Using Photoconvertible Proteins.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021Article
- High Nuclear Expression of Yes-Associated Protein 1 Correlates With Metastasis in Patients With Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Comparison of Vascular Invasion With Lymph Node Metastasis as a Prognostic Factor in Stage I-III Colon Cancer: An Observational Cohort Study.Frontiers in surgery · 2021Article
- ARHGEF38 as a novel biomarker to predict aggressive prostate cancer.Genes & diseases · 2020Article
- Analysis of gene co‑expression network reveals prognostic significance of CNFN in patients with head and neck cancer.Oncology reports · 2019Article
- Prognostic Role of Lymph Node Positivity and Number of Lymph Nodes Needed for Accurately Staging Small-Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.JAMA surgery · 2019Article
- Lymph node metastases can invade local blood vessels, exit the node, and colonize distant organs in mice.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Metastasis to the regional lymph node is the most important prognostic indicator for the outcomes of patients with sold cancer. In general, it is well recognized that cancer development is genetically determined with progression from the microenvironment of the primary tumor site, oftentimes via the SLN gateway, to the distant sites. In about 20 % of the time, the cancer cells may spread directly through the blood vascular system to the distant sites. Thus, in general, cancer progression is consistent with Hellman's spectrum theory in that development of nodal and systemic metastasis from a localized cancer growth is a progressive process. Cancer proliferation within the tumor microenvironment may give rise to increased tumor heterogeneity, which is further complicated by its continuous change through its evolution within the host in a Darwinian sense. It is crucial to understand the molecular process of lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment with respect to the initial steps of cancer cells entering into the lymphatic and vascular systems so that rational therapy can be developed to curb the process of specific routes of metastasis. This chapter elucidates the role of lymphatics, nodal metastasis and antitumor immunity. We present novel immune targets in nodal metastases, the importance of the lymph node as a pre-metastatic niche, and immune-related proteins as biomarkers of metastasis.
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