ArticlePathology research international2012
Malignant mixed mullerian tumor: an immunohistochemical study.
Article in Pathology research international, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Real-world experience and prognostic factors in ovarian carcinosarcoma: a single-center retrospective study from China.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Incidence and treatment outcomes of ovarian carcinosarcoma from the national cancer registry of Korea.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2024Article
- Challenges in diagnosis and treatment: a case report on a mixed malignant Müllerian tumor.Journal of surgical case reports · 2023Article
- Immunohistochemical expression of glypican 3 in endometrial carcinoma and correlation with prognostic parameters.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2015Article
- Proceedings of the 2013 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium.Toxicologic pathology · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT) is an uncommon aggressive neoplasm composed of both malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components. In this study, immunohistochemical stains of germ cell markers, including SALL4, OCT3/4, glypican-3, and alpha-fetal protein (AFP), and CDX2 were performed in a series of MMMTs. SALL4 nuclear immunoreactivity was detected in 6 out of 19 cases (33%). The staining extent ranged from focal to extensive. The staining intensity was usually intermediate to strong (the score ranged from 1.5 to 3, and average score was 2.3 ± 0.5 in the positive cases). In addition, glypican-3 cytoplasmic reactivity was detected in 14 out of 16 cases (88%) with a mean score of 1.8 ± 0.7 (score ranging from 1 to 3). In contrast, OCT3/4 was only positive in 1 out of 19 cases and AFP in 2 out of 18 cases (11%). In summary, SALL4 and glypican-3 were frequently expressed in a subset of MMMTs. Their roles in the pathogenesis and biology of MMMT are yet to be determined. MMMT should be included in the differential diagnosis when a tumor is positive for SALL4 and/or glypican-3.
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Registered trials
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