ArticlePloS one2012
A conserved non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Ascidian embryonic cells with properties of neural-crest cells and neuromesodermal progenitors of vertebrates.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- Specification of distinct cell types in a sensory-adhesive organ important for metamorphosis in tunicate larvae.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- The evolutionary origins of the vertebrate olfactory system.Open biology · 2020Review
- Invertebrate Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Signaling and Its Relevant Biological Actions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Cellular identity and CaScientific reports · 2020Article
- RPamide neuropeptides NLP-22 and NLP-2 act through GnRH-like receptors to promote sleep and wakefulness in C. elegans.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the Ciona larval brain.Developmental biology · 2019Article
- Multiple functions of non-hypophysiotropic gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons in vertebrates.Zoological letters · 2019Review
- Functional Characterization of Paralogous Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Type and Corazonin-Type Neuropeptides in an Echinoderm.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Article
- Invertebrate Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Related Peptides and Their Receptors: An Update.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Review
- The pre-vertebrate origins of neurogenic placodes.Nature · 2015Article
- Dynamic evolution of the GnRH receptor gene family in vertebrates.BMC evolutionary biology · 2014Article
- Comprehensive analysis of GnRH2 neuronal projections in zebrafish.Scientific reports · 2014Article
- GPCR Heterodimerization in the Reproductive System: Functional Regulation and Implication for Biodiversity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a neuroendocrine peptide that plays a central role in the vertebrate hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The roles of GnRH in the control of vertebrate reproductive functions have been established, while its non-reproductive function has been suggested but less well understood. Here we show that the tunicate Ciona intestinalis has in its non-reproductive larval stage a prominent GnRH system spanning the entire length of the nervous system. Tunicate GnRH receptors are phylogenetically closest to vertebrate GnRH receptors, yet functional analysis of the receptors revealed that these simple chordates have evolved a unique GnRH system with multiple ligands and receptor heterodimerization enabling complex regulation. One of the gnrh genes is conspicuously expressed in the motor ganglion and nerve cord, which are homologous structures to the hindbrain and spinal cord of vertebrates. Correspondingly, GnRH receptor genes were found to be expressed in the tail muscle and notochord of embryos, both of which are phylotypic axial structures along the nerve cord. Our findings suggest a novel non-reproductive role of GnRH in tunicates. Furthermore, we present evidence that GnRH-producing cells are present in the hindbrain and spinal cord of the medaka, Oryzias latipes, thereby suggesting the deep evolutionary origin of a non-reproductive GnRH system in chordates.
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