Trial reportPloS one2012
Water-pipe smoking and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Chronic Effects of Narghile Use on Males' Cardiovascular Response During Exercise: A Systematic Review.American journal of men's healthPooled it
- Hookah Smoking and Risk ofHealth science reports · 2025Article
- Waterpipe smoking is associated with presence and severity of coronary artery disease: a propensity score-matched study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Association between Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2024Article
- Assessing the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes in relation to Hookah smoking: Evidence from a cohort study in Southern Iran.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Among Waterpipe Users.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Apparently Healthy Adult Population in Pakistan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Patterns and Predictors of Multimorbidity in the Azar Cohort.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence of smoking (cigarette and waterpipe) and its association with obesity/overweight in UAE and Palestine.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Does waterpipe smoking increase the risk ofJournal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2022Article
- Effect of waterpipe tobacco smoke exposure on the development of metabolic syndrome in adult male rats.PloS one · 2020Article
- Blood lipids and pressures data of exclusive narghile smokers compared with healthy non-smokers: studies from thin to thick.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2019Review
- Association Between Smoking Hookahs (Shishas) and Higher Risk of Obesity: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2019Review
- Water Pipe (Hookah) Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2019Review
- Cardiovascular injury induced by tobacco products: assessment of risk factors and biomarkers of harm. A Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science compilation.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2019Review
- GWAS implicated risk variants in different genes contribute additively to increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Pakistani subjects.Lipids in health and disease · 2018Article
- Hookah smoking is strongly associated with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and obesity: a population-based study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2018Article
- Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Affecting Factors among Individuals Aged 30 and over in Balçova District of İzmir.Balkan medical journal · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Water-pipe (WP) smoking has significantly increased in the last decade worldwide. Compelling evidence suggests that the toxicants in WP smoke are similar to that of cigarette smoke. The WP smoking in a single session could have acute harmful health effects even worse than cigarette smoking. However, there is no evidence as such on long term WP smoking and its impact on chronic health conditions particularly cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the relationship between WP smoking and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Punjab province of Pakistan using the baseline data of a population-based study--Urban Rural Chronic Diseases Study (URCDS). Information was collected by trained nurses regarding the socio-demographic profile, lifestyle factors including WP smoking, current and past illnesses. A blood sample was obtained for measurement of complete blood count, lipid profile and fasting glucose level. MetS was ascertained by using the International Diabetic Federation's criteria. We carried out multiple logistic regressions to investigate the association between WP smoking and MetS. Final sample included 2,032 individuals--of those 325 (16.0%) were current WP smokers. Age adjusted-prevalence of MetS was significantly higher among current WP smokers (33.1%) compared with non-smokers (14.8%). Water-pipe smokers were three times more likely to have MetS (OR 3.21, 95% CI 2.38-4.33) compared with non-smokers after adjustment for age, sex and social class. WP smokers were significantly more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.25-2.10), hyperglycaemia (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.37-2.41), Hypertension (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.51-2.51) and abdominal obesity (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.52-2.45). However, there were no significant differences in HDL level between WP smokers and non-smokers. This study suggests that WP smoking has a significant positive (harmful) relationship with MetS and its components.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.