ArticleComputational and mathematical methods in medicine2012
The relationship between tuberculosis and influenza death during the influenza (H1N1) pandemic from 1918-19.
Article in Computational and mathematical methods in medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza and tuberculosis co-infection: A systematic review.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Pooled it
- Effectiveness of antiviral prophylaxis coupled with contact tracing in reducing the transmission of the influenza A (H1N1-2009): a systematic review.Theoretical biology & medical modelling · 2013Pooled it
- Review
- Body Size and Risk of Death During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Application of the age-period-cohort model in tuberculosis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Differences in hospitalizations associated with severe COVID-19 disease among foreign- and Swedish-born.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Has Deleterious Effects on Mycobacterium bovis BCG Immunity and Promotes Dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- TB positive cases go up in ongoing COVID-19 pandemic despite lower testing of TB: An observational study from a hospital from Northern India.The Indian journal of tuberculosis · 2022Observational
- Optimal control and cost-effective analysis of an age-structured emerging infectious disease model.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 andFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Trends in Infectious Disease Mortality in South Korea from 1983 to 2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic Strikes during the Flu Season: An Awareness Perspective.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2020Article
- Article
- Tuberculosis and COVID-19: Lessons from the Past Viral Outbreaks and Possible Future Outcomes.Canadian respiratory journal · 2020Review
- Tuberculosis as a Risk Factor for 1918 Influenza Pandemic Outcomes.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2019Article
- Blocking IL-10 receptor signaling ameliorates Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection during influenza-induced exacerbation.JCI insight · 2019Article
- Sex differences in tuberculosis.Seminars in immunopathology · 2019Review
- The Impact of Influenza and Tuberculosis Interaction on Mortality Among Individuals Aged ≥15 Years Hospitalized With Severe Respiratory Illness in South Africa, 2010-2016.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Examining the Complex Relationship Between Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Diseases in Children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Review
- Excess mortality patterns during 1918-1921 influenza pandemic in the state of Arizona, USA.Annals of epidemiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The epidemiological mechanisms behind the W-shaped age-specific influenza mortality during the Spanish influenza (H1N1) pandemic 1918-19 have yet to be fully clarified. The present study aimed to develop a formal hypothesis: tuberculosis (TB) was associated with the W-shaped influenza mortality from 1918-19. Three pieces of epidemiological information were assessed: (i) the epidemic records containing the age-specific numbers of cases and deaths of influenza from 1918-19, (ii) an outbreak record of influenza in a Swiss TB sanatorium during the pandemic, and (iii) the age-dependent TB mortality over time in the early 20th century. Analyzing the data (i), we found that the W-shaped pattern was not only seen in mortality but also in the age-specific case fatality ratio, suggesting the presence of underlying age-specific risk factor(s) of influenza death among young adults. From the data (ii), TB was shown to be associated with influenza death (P = 0.09), and there was no influenza death among non-TB controls. The data (iii) were analyzed by employing the age-period-cohort model, revealing harvesting effect in the period function of TB mortality shortly after the 1918-19 pandemic. These findings suggest that it is worthwhile to further explore the role of TB in characterizing the age-specific risk of influenza death.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.