ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2012
Cytokine genetic profile in Whipple's disease.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multidisciplinary management of Whipple's disease complicated with rectal stenosis from multidisciplinary nursing management: A case study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Whipple's endocarditis and biologic response modifiers: a case-based review of an intricate host-pathogen interaction.Infection · 2026Review
- Whipple Disease Presenting as Isolated Transverse Myelitis with Permanent Neurological Damage in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report of a Difficult Diagnosis with a Literature Review.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
- Current knowledge of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in Whipple disease: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine againstVaccines · 2022Article
- Non-neoplastic histiocytic and dendritic cell disorders in lymph nodes.Seminars in diagnostic pathology · 2018Review
- Peripheral T-Cell Reactivity to Heat Shock Protein 70 and Its Cofactor GrpE from Tropheryma whipplei Is Reduced in Patients with Classical Whipple's Disease.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei Infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2017Review
- -295 T-to-C promoter region IL-16 gene polymorphism is associated with Whipple's disease.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2015Article
- Prevalence of Whipple's disease in north-western Italy.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2015Article
- High prevalence of Tropheryma whipplei in Lao kindergarten children.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Whipple's Disease.Viszeralmedizin · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Whipple's disease (WD) is a very rare chronic systemic condition characterised by a Th2/T regulatory (Treg) dysregulated immune response versus Tropheryma whipplei, a bacterium widely diffuse in the environment. To investigate whether this Th2/Treg polarised response has a genetic background, we investigated the Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cytokine genetic profile of 133 patients with WD. Thanks to the European Consortium on WD (QLG1-CT-2002-01049), the polymorphism of 13 cytokine genes was analysed in 111 German and 22 Italian patients using the polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) technique. The frequencies of the genotypes, haplotypes and functional phenotypes were compared with those obtained in 201 German and 140 Italian controls. Clinical heterogeneity was also considered. Functionally, WD patients may be considered as low producers of TGF-β1, having an increased frequency of the genotype TGF-β1+869C/C,+915C/C [12.3 % vs. 3.81 %, odds ratio (OR) = 4.131, p = 0.0002] and high secretors of IL-4, carrying the genotype IL-4-590T/T (5.34 % vs. 1.17 %, OR = 5.09, p = 0.0096). No significant association was found between cytokine polymorphism and clinical variability. Analogously to the recent cellular findings of a Th2/Treg polarised response, we showed that the cytokine genetic profile of WD patients is skewed toward a Th2 and Treg response. This was similar in both German and Italian populations. However, the significant deviations versus the controls are poorer than that expected on the basis of these recent cellular findings.
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