ArticleArthritis and rheumatism2012
Prevalence, incidence, and demographics of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis from 2000 to 2004 among children in the US Medicaid beneficiary population.
Article in Arthritis and rheumatism, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06491602 (A Study of Clinical Characteristics ,Risk Factors and Outcome of Lupus Nephritis Among Children With Systemic Lupus Erthromatousus in Sohag Univeristy Hospital), which is not on this map. Cited by 99 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Study of Clinical Characteristics ,Risk Factors and Outcome of Lupus Nephritis Among Children With Systemic Lupus Erthromatousus in Sohag Univeristy Hospital
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- Silent lupus nephritis: a pediatric center experience of baseline kidney biopsies and review of the published evidence.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Pooled it
- Towards development of treat to target (T2T) in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: PReS-endorsed overarching principles and points-to-consider from an international task force.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of rheumatic disease phenotypes and outcomes in the Indigenous populations of Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand.Rheumatology international · 2017Pooled it
- Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Pediatric Patients: A Multi-Institutional Landscape Analysis.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Article
- Subcutaneous Belimumab Demonstrates Consistent Steady-State Pharmacokinetics and is Well Tolerated in Paediatric Patients with SLE in China: An Open-Label Study.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis, Treatment Advances, and Renal Outcomes in Childhood-Onset Lupus Nephritis.Clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Insights into the pathogenesis of childhood-onset SLE in the past decade.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Lupus Nephritis: Unmet Needs and Evolving Solutions.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Review
- Article
- Clinical presentation of children with lupus nephritis from a low- and middle-income country (LMIC): an initial report from the Indian pSLE Nephritis Registry.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Article
- CCL22 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Long-term prognosis of lupus nephritis: comparison between pediatric, adult, and advanced age onset.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- New Insights on Childhood Lupus Nephritis.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2025Review
- Proxy-reported health-related quality of life of children with systemic lupus erythematosus and well-being of caregivers: a cross-sectional survey among caregivers in China.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts the Disease Activity in Patients with Paediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2024Article
- The inequity of global healthcare in pediatric rheumatology.Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology · 2024Review
- Extrapolation of the Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Belimumab to Support its Use in Children with Lupus Nephritis.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Article
- Early-onset lupus nephritis.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Review
- Higher Rates of Certain Autoimmune Diseases in Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth.Transgender health · 2024Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the nationwide prevalence, incidence, and sociodemographics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis among children in the US Medicaid beneficiary population.
methodsChildren ages 3 years to <18 years with a diagnosis of SLE (defined as ≥3 claims with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] code of 710.0 for SLE, each >30 days apart) were identified from the US Medicaid Analytic eXtract database from 2000 to 2004. This database contains all inpatient and outpatient Medicaid claims for 47 US states and the District of Columbia. Lupus nephritis was identified from ≥2 ICD-9 billing codes for glomerulonephritis, proteinuria, or renal failure, each recorded >30 days apart. The prevalence and incidence of SLE and lupus nephritis were calculated among Medicaid-enrolled children overall and within sociodemographic groups.
resultsOf the 30,420,597 Medicaid-enrolled children during these years, 2,959 were identified as having SLE. The prevalence of SLE was 9.73 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.38-10.08) per 100,000 Medicaid-enrolled children. Among the children with SLE, 84% were female, 40% were African American, 25% were Hispanic, 21% were White, and 42% resided in the South region of the US. Moreover, of the children with SLE, 1,106 (37%) had lupus nephritis, representing a prevalence of 3.64 (95% CI 3.43-3.86) per 100,000 children. The average annual incidence of SLE was 2.22 cases (95% CI 2.05-2.40) and that of lupus nephritis was 0.72 cases (95% CI 0.63-0.83) per 100,000 Medicaid enrollees per year. The prevalence and incidence rates of SLE and lupus nephritis increased with age, were higher in girls than in boys, and were higher in all non-White racial/ethnic groups.
conclusionIn the current study, the prevalence and incidence rates of SLE among Medicaid-enrolled children in the US are high compared to studies in other populations. In addition, these data represent the first population-based estimates of the prevalence and incidence of lupus nephritis in the US to date.
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