ArticleApoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death2012
A possible cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis in generating an immune response in melanoma.
Article in Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mushrooms as potent autophagy modulators in cancer therapy: Current evidence and therapeutic prospects.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026Review
- Calpain-2 Regulates Kinesin and Dynein Dysfunction in Neurotoxin-Induced Motoneuron Injury.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening reveals lipid metabolism and inflammatory signalling as modulators of ganoderic acid DM cytotoxicity.Journal of genetics · 2026Article
- CanPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in initiating antitumor immune responses in human lymphoma cells.Exploration of immunology · 2025Article
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- Using a Natural Triterpenoid to Unlock the Antitumor Effects of Autophagy in B-Cell Lymphoma.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Progress in Antimelanoma Research of Natural Triterpenoids and Their Derivatives: Mechanisms of Action, Bioavailability Enhancement and Structure Modifications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Inhibitory effects of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid on the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Nutritional Profile and Health Benefits ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
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- Endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagic and apoptotic cell death, and immune activation by a natural triterpenoid in human prostate cancer cells.Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2019Article
- Article
- Autophagy-dependent crosstalk between GILT and PAX-3 influences radiation sensitivity of human melanoma cells.Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2018Article
- Autophagy: In the cROSshairs of cancer.Biochemical pharmacology · 2017Review
- Anticancer Activity of Ganoderic Acid DM: Current Status and Future Perspective.Journal of clinical & cellular immunology · 2017Article
- Autophagy-Induced Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells by a Novel Digitoxin Analog.Journal of cellular physiology · 2016Article
- New Potential Pharmacological Functions of Chinese Herbal Medicines via Regulation of Autophagy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, responsible for the majority of skin cancer related deaths. Thus, the search for natural molecules which can effectively destroy tumors while promoting immune activation is essential for designing novel therapies against metastatic melanoma. Here, we report for the first time that a natural triterpenoid, Ganoderic acid DM (GA-DM), induces an orchestrated autophagic and apoptotic cell death, as well as enhanced immunological responses via increased HLA class II presentation in melanoma cells. Annexin V staining and flow cytometry showed that GA-DM treatment induced apoptosis of melanoma cells, which was supported by a detection of increased Bax proteins, co-localization and elevation of Apaf-1 and cytochrome c, and a subsequent cleavage of caspases 9 and 3. Furthermore, GA-DM treatment initiated a possible cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis as evidenced by increased levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins, and their timely interplay with apoptotic and/or anti-apoptotic molecules in melanoma cells. Despite GA-DM's moderate cytotoxicity, viable cells expressed high levels of HLA class II proteins with improved antigen presentation and CD4+ T cell recognition. The antitumor efficacy of GA-DM was also investigated in vivo in murine B16 melanoma model, where GA-DM treatment slowed tumor formation with a significant reduction in tumor volume. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of GA-DM as a natural chemo-immunotherapeutic capable of inducing a possible cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis, as well as improved immune recognition for sustained melanoma tumor clearance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.