ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2012
Adaptive immunity in obesity and insulin resistance.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 234 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
234 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 483 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimal dosage of exercise combined with intermittent fasting for body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Combined versus independent effects of exercise training and intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2024Pooled it
- A nomogram to predict prolonged stay of obesity patients with sepsis in ICU: Relevancy for predictive, personalized, preventive, and participatory healthcare strategies.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- NOTCH3 Mutations in CADASIL Alter Lipid Metabolism: Insights from Patient Plasma and In Vitro Models.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Exosomes for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatment: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Association of the CUN-BAE index with glycemic outcomes in individuals with impaired fasting glucose: a retrospective multicenter Chinese cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The role of inflammatory cells in the association between helicobacter pylori and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Immune activation induced by dysregulated lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- Logic-based modeling of inflammatory macrophage cross talk with glomerular endothelial cells in diabetic kidney disease.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025Article
- The role of adipogenic niche resident cells in colorectal cancer progression in relation to obesity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Review
- Obesity-associated Inflammation and Alloimmunity.Transplantation · 2025Review
- The characteristic activity of regulatory B cells during the occurrence and development of insulin resistance.Endocrine · 2025Article
- New Frontiers: Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Uncover Developmental Roots and Biological Underpinnings of Obesity Susceptibility.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Obesity reshapes regulatory T cells in the visceral adipose tissue by disrupting cellular cholesterol homeostasis.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Association of body fat percentage with diabetes in hypertensive adults of different genders: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Increased expression levels of PIEZO1 in visceral adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes are triggered by mechanical forces and are associated with inflammation.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Pilot Data Suggest That Obesity and Presence of Malignancy Are Associated with Altered Immune Cell Infiltration in Endometrial Biopsies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a distinct profile of bone immune microenvironment and decreased osteoclast differentiation in type 2 diabetic mice.Genes & diseases · 2024Article
- Retinol binding protein 4 and type 2 diabetes: from insulin resistance to pancreatic β-cell function.Endocrine · 2024Review
- Insulin-Heart Axis: Bridging Physiology to Insulin Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
174 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity is the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome and predisposes patients to the development of major chronic metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adipose tissue expansion in obesity is characterized by increasing infiltration of proinflammatory immune cells into adipose tissue causing chronic, low-grade inflammation. Phenotypic switching of macrophages is an important mechanism of adipose tissue inflammation, and there is involvement of cells from the adaptive immune system in this process. T-cell phenotype changes and recruitment of B cells and T cells precedes macrophage infiltration. Cytokines and chemokines produced by immune cells influence localized and systemic inflammation, which is a pathogenic link between obesity and insulin resistance. Antigens absorbed from the gut might contribute to T-cell activation and recruitment into visceral adipose tissue in obesity. This Review summarizes, in the context of obesity, the evidence for infiltration of adipose tissue by cells of the adaptive immune system, how adaptive system cells affect innate cell populations and the influence of adaptive immune cells on the development of insulin resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.