ArticleMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2012
Ginkgolic acid inhibits HIV protease activity and HIV infection in vitro.
Article in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Ginkgolic acid inhibits CD8Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Article
- From Nature to Drug: Overview and CADD Approach of Anacardic Acid to Propose their Biological Potential.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Natural products against tau hyperphosphorylation-induced aggregates: Potential therapies for Alzheimer's disease.Archiv der Pharmazie · 2025Review
- Ginkgolic acid regulates myogenic development by influencing the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2024Article
- Ginkgolic acid inhibits orthopneumo- and metapneumo- virus infectivity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- An update on the development of antiviral against Mayaro virus: from molecules to potential viral targets.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- Identifying the Anti-MERS-CoV and Anti-HcoV-229E Potential Drugs from theMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Ginkgolic acids inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and its variants by blocking the spike protein/ACE2 interplay.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2023Article
- Pharmacological Activities of Ginkgolic Acids in Relation to Autophagy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (MMedComm · 2022Review
- Evaluation of RevX solution extract as a potential inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2-Heliyon · 2022Article
- The Mechanism of Action of Ginkgolic Acid (15:1) against Gram-Positive Bacteria Involves Cross Talk with Iron Homeostasis.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Review
- Anthelmintic Activity and Cytotoxic Effects of Compounds Isolated from the Fruits ofBiomolecules · 2021Article
- Anti-Cancer Properties of Ginkgolic Acids in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma CNE-2Z Cells via Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Coronavirus Strain 229E Infection of Human Epithelial Lung Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Discovery of naturally occurring inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 3CLFitoterapia · 2021Article
- Plant-derived chemicals as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (6LU7), a virtual screening study.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral HIV protease mutations, which are resistant to clinical HIV protease inhibitors (PIs), have been identified. There is a great need for second-generation PIs with different chemical structures and/or with an alternative mode of inhibition. Ginkgolic acid is a natural herbal substance and a major component of the lipid fraction in the nutshells of the Ginkgo biloba tree. The objective of this study was to determine whether ginkgolic acid could inhibit HIV protease activity in a cell free system and HIV infection in human cells. MATERIAL/
methodsPurified ginkgolic acid and recombinant HIV-1 HXB2 KIIA protease were used for the HIV protease activity assay. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used for HIV infection (HIV-1SF162 virus), determined by a p24gag ELISA. Cytotoxicity was also determined.
resultsGinkgolic acid (31.2 µg/ml) inhibited HIV protease activity by 60%, compared with the negative control, and the effect was concentration-dependent. In addition, ginkgolic acid treatment (50 and 100 µg/ml) effectively inhibited the HIV infection at day 7 in a concentration-dependent manner. Ginkgolic acid at a concentration of up to 150 µg/ml demonstrated very limited cytotoxicity.
conclusionsGinkgolic acid effectively inhibits HIV protease activity in a cell free system and HIV infection in PBMCs without significant cytotoxicity. Ginkgolic acid may inhibit HIV protease through different mechanisms than current FDA-approved HIV PI drugs. These properties of ginkgolic acid make it a promising therapy for HIV infection, especially as the clinical problem of viral resistance to HIV PIs continues to grow.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.