ArticleNeurochemical research2012
Pharmacokinetics of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and their blood glutamate-lowering activity in naïve rats.
Article in Neurochemical research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Comparative Study of Two Different Polarity Extracts ofAquaculture nutrition · 2026Article
- Integrative bioinformatics and machine learning identify iron metabolism genes MAP4, GPT, and HIRIP3 as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiome Modulation of Glutamate Dynamics: Implications for Brain Health and Neurotoxicity.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Preclinical validation of human recombinant glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.iScience · 2024Article
- Effects of Ferulic Acid on Respiratory Metabolism, Oxidative Lesions, and Apoptotic Parameters in Gills and Red Blood Cells of Carp (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of glutamate metabolic function and dysfunction in vascular dementia.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2024Review
- The Extract ofVeterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Neuropharmacological insight into preventive intervention in posttraumatic epilepsy based on regulating glutamate homeostasis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Review
- A Glutamate Scavenging Protocol Combined with Deanna Protocol in SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of ALS.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Substantially elevated serum glutamate and CSF GOT-1 levels associated with cerebral ischemia and poor neurological outcomes in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Integrity of the Blood-Brain Barrier as a Critical Factor for Regulating Glutamate Levels in Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Glutamate Scavenging as a Neuroreparative Strategy in Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Genetically predicted circulating levels of glycine, glutamate, and serotonin in relation to the risks of three major neurodegenerative diseases: A Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Sustained blood glutamate scavenging enhances protection in ischemic stroke.Communications biology · 2020Article
- Integrated biomarker parameters response to the toxic effects of high stocking density, CuSOFish physiology and biochemistry · 2020Article
- Liver Enzymes and Risk of Stroke: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.Journal of stroke · 2020Article
- Blood glutamate scavenging as a novel glutamate-based therapeutic approach for post-stroke depression.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2020Review
- The effect of pyruvate on the development and progression of post-stroke depression: A new therapeutic approach.Neuropharmacology · 2019Article
- Blood-Based Glutamate Scavengers Reverse Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Synaptic Plasticity Disruption by Decreasing Glutamate Level in Hippocampus Interstitial Fluid, but Not Cerebral Spinal Fluid, In Vivo.Neurotoxicity research · 2019Article
- Blood Glutamate Reducing Effect of Hemofiltration in Critically Ill Patients.Neurotoxicity research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke lead to elevated levels of glutamate in the brain that negatively affect the neurological outcomes in both animals and humans. Intravenous administration of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) enzymes can be used to lower the blood glutamate levels and to improve the neurological outcome following TBI and stroke. The objective of this study was to analyze the pharmacokinetics and to determine the glutamate-lowering effects of GOT and GPT enzymes in naïve rats. We determined the time course of serum GOT, GPT, and glutamate levels following a single intravenous administration of two different doses of each one of the studied enzymes. Forty-six male rats were randomly assigned into one of 5 treatment groups: saline (control), human GOT at dose 0.03 and 0.06 mg/kg and porcine GPT at dose 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 5 min, and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after the drug injection and GOT, GPT and glutamate levels were determined. The pharmacokinetics of both GOT and GPT followed one-compartment model, and both enzymes exhibited substantial glutamate-lowering effects following intravenous administration. Analysis of the pharmacokinetic data indicated that both enzymes were distributed predominantly in the blood (central circulation) and did not permeate to the peripheral organs and tissues. Several-hour delay was present between the time course of the enzyme levels and the glutamate-lowering effects (leading to clock-wise hysteresis on concentration-effect curves), apparently due to the time that is required to affect the pool of serum glutamate. We conclude that the interaction between the systemically-administered enzymes (GOT and GPT) and the glutamate takes place in the central circulation. Thus, glutamate-lowering effects of GOT and GPT apparently lead to redistribution of the excess glutamate from the brain's extracellular fluid into the blood and can reduce secondary brain injury due to glutamate neurotoxicity. The outcomes of this study regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the GOT and GPT enzymes will be subsequently verified in clinical studies that can lead to design of effective neuroprotective treatment strategies in patients with traumatic brain diseases and stroke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.