Trial reportPloS one2012
Effect of short-term thyroxine administration on energy metabolism and mitochondrial efficiency in humans.
Trial report in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02499471 (Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Thyroid Hormone), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Thyroid Hormone
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- The associations between resting and total energy expenditure, physical activity, and thyroid hormone levels in adult females.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Peripheral manifestations of monocarboxylate transporter 8 deficiency: hepatic and skeletal muscle involvement.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Article
- The mixed-meal tolerance test as an appetite assay: methodological and practical considerations.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Review
- Association of high-normal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels with metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity in euthyroid adolescents: insights from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Article
- A Preliminary Analysis of the Influence of Elderberry Juice Consumption on Thyroid Metabolism in Mice and Humans Fed High-Fat Diets.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Endocrine effects of heat exposure and relevance to climate change.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Hallmarks of the metabolic secretome.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2024Review
- Hypothyroidism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A coincidence or a causal relationship?World journal of hepatology · 2023Review
- Thyroid Hormone Abuse Among Elite Athletes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Effect of the Marine Exercise Retreat Program on Thyroid-Related Hormones in Middle-Aged Euthyroid Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Aging under endocrine hormone regulation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- The multiple facets of mitochondrial regulations controlling cellular thermogenesis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Thyroid Hormone Abuse in Elite Sports: The Regulatory Challenge.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Review
- Article
- Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging.Aging cell · 2020Review
- Impact of calorie restriction on energy metabolism in humans.Experimental gerontology · 2020Review
- The role of thyroid hormone in metabolism and metabolic syndrome.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Review
- Body Composition, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Metabolic Changes in Women Diagnosed with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The physiologic effects of triiodothyronine (T3) on metabolic rate are well-documented; however, the effects of thyroxine (T4) are less clear despite its wide-spread use to treat thyroid-related disorders and other non-thyroidal conditions. Here, we investigated the effects of acute (3-day) T4 supplementation on energy expenditure at rest and during incremental exercise. Furthermore, we used a combination of in situ and in vitro approaches to measure skeletal muscle metabolism before and after T4 treatment. Ten healthy, euthyroid males were given 200 µg T4 (levothyroxine) per day for 3 days. Energy expenditure was measured at rest and during exercise by indirect calorimetry, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function was assessed by in situ ATP flux ((31)P MRS) and in vitro respiratory control ratio (RCR, state 3/state 4 rate of oxygen uptake using a Clark-type electrode) before and after acute T4 treatment. Thyroxine had a subtle effect on resting metabolic rate, increasing it by 4% (p = 0.059) without a change in resting ATP demand (i.e., ATP flux) of the vastus lateralis. Exercise efficiency did not change with T4 treatment. The maximal capacity to produce ATP (state 3 respiration) and the coupled state of the mitochondria (RCR) were reduced by approximately 30% with T4 (p = 0.057 and p = 0.04, respectively). Together, the results suggest that T4, although less metabolically active than T3, reduces skeletal muscle efficiency and modestly increases resting metabolism even after short-term supplementation. Our findings may be clinically relevant given the expanding application of T4 to treat non-thyroidal conditions such as obesity and weight loss.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.