ReviewWiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology
Mammary gland development.
Review in Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 412 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
412 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 836 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early menarche and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 74 case-control studies.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Pooled it
- Potential association between endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and gynecomastia: a systematic review based on partial experimental evidenceendocrine-disrupting chemicals.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanism of action of genistein on breast cancer and differential effects of different age stages.Pharmaceutical biology · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic architecture of mammographic density as a risk factor for breast cancer: a systematic review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Pooled it
- Mammary adipocyte plasticity and epithelial crosstalk: roles in development, remodeling, and disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Construction and application of mammary and breast cancer organoids.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Single-cell multi-omic profiling of heterogeneous PROCRiScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrated Single-Nucleus Multi-Omics Atlases Reveal Lineage Plasticity and Regulatory Networks of Luminal Epithelial Cells During Mammary Gland Lactation and Involution.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Effects of exposure to ethinyl estradiol during pregnancy and lactation on the postinvolution mammary gland.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Nutrition Across the Life Course and Risk of Young-Onset Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Prevention Opportunities.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Article
- Nipple aspirate fluid as a proximal breast liquid biopsy platform: advancing precision risk management in breast cancer.Clinical proteomics · 2026Review
- The development of Breast Apocrine Carcinoma (BAC) score that distinguishes breast and cutaneous apocrine carcinomas.Research square · 2026Article
- SOX9 and SEMA7A regulate cell plasticity in the postpartum mammary gland with implications for breast cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Late gestational exposure to flutamide alters stromal composition and immune landscape in the rat mammary gland during pre-puberty, peri-puberty, and adulthood.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Time-resolved transcriptomic profiling of mammary gland tissue during ductal morphogenesis, lactation activation, and involution in sows.Animal bioscience · 2026Article
- A Multi-Tissue Transcriptomic Atlas of River Buffalo with a Focus on the Genetic Underpinnings of Lactation Performance Across Four Lactation Stages in the Mammary Gland.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- ATAC-seq and RNA-seq reveal key genes and pathways regulating lactation in the mammary gland of Yili horses.BMC genomics · 2026Article
352 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The mammary gland develops through several distinct stages. The first transpires in the embryo as the ectoderm forms a mammary line that resolves into placodes. Regulated by epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, the placodes descend into the underlying mesenchyme and produce the rudimentary ductal structure of the gland present at birth. Subsequent stages of development—pubertal growth, pregnancy, lactation, and involution—occur postnatally under the regulation of hormones. Puberty initiates branching morphogenesis, which requires growth hormone (GH) and estrogen, as well as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), to create a ductal tree that fills the fat pad. Upon pregnancy, the combined actions of progesterone and prolactin generate alveoli, which secrete milk during lactation. Lack of demand for milk at weaning initiates the process of involution whereby the gland is remodeled back to its prepregnancy state. These processes require numerous signaling pathways that have distinct regulatory functions at different stages of gland development. Signaling pathways also regulate a specialized subpopulation of mammary stem cells that fuel the dramatic changes in the gland occurring with each pregnancy. Our knowledge of mammary gland development and mammary stem cell biology has significantly contributed to our understanding of breast cancer and has advanced the discovery of therapies to treat this disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.