ReviewClinical & developmental immunology2012
Hepatitis C virus infection and mixed cryoglobulinemia.
Review in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment for hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinaemia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Localized Immune-Complex Small-Vessel Vasculitis Presenting as Unilateral Myositis After Hepatitis A.Cureus · 2025Article
- Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis: Distinguishing Drug-Induced From Hepatitis C-Related Causes.Cureus · 2025Article
- Insufficient CXCL13 secretion in leprosy foamy macrophages attenuates lymphocyte recruitment and antimicrobial protein production.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Cryoglobulinemia Complicated by Pneumonia.Cureus · 2024Article
- Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Extrahepatic Disease and the Impact of New Direct-Acting Antivirals.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cryoglobulinemia: the "cold" problem in cardiac surgery, a single-center experience and a literature review.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2024Review
- Integrated plasma metabolomics and lipidomics profiling highlights distinctive signature of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Role of hepatitis c virus in hepatocellular carcinoma and neurological disorders: an overview.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Article
- A Devastating Case of Hepatitis C-Induced Mixed Cryoglobulinemia.Case reports in hepatology · 2021Article
- The Role of B Cells in Adult and Paediatric Liver Injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Understanding the Cryoglobulinemias.Current rheumatology reports · 2019Review
- Modulation of the Immune System in Chronic Hepatitis C and During Antiviral Interferon-Free Therapy.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2019Review
- Direct-acting antiviral agents in the therapy of hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinaemia: a single-centre experience.Arthritis research & therapy · 2017Article
- Hepatitis C and kidney disease: A narrative review.Journal of advanced research · 2017Review
- Hepatitis C virus as a systemic disease: reaching beyond the liver.Hepatology international · 2016Review
- Emerging roles of interferon-stimulated genes in the innate immune response to hepatitis C virus infection.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2016Review
- Article
- Combined Effects of 2 Interleukin 28B Polymorphisms on the Therapeutic Outcome of Hepatitis C Patients With Circulating Cryoglobulins.Medicine · 2015Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection is recognized as the major cause of mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). Its persistence represents a continuous stimulus for host immune system with production of circulating immune complexes (ICs), one-third of them with cryoprecipitate property. Several factors contribute to the biological activities of ICs, many of which are not completely known. Among them, complement factors play a crucial role in the cold-insoluble ICs-mediated vasculitis, involving primarily small blood vessels in different tissues including skin, kidney, peripheral, and central nervous system. Liver represents the major target of HCV infection with inflammatory infiltrates, resembling secondary lymphoid follicles. Cytokine like CXCL13 contribute to B-cell homing in intraportal lymphoid aggregates, in which B-cell clonal selection may arise. B-cell clonal expansion starts as an antigen-driven event and expands towards indolent and malignant B-cell proliferation. Occurrence of intrahepatic B-cell clonalities correlates with extrahepatic clinical manifestations of HCV infection. In this context, cryoglobulinemic patients should be considered a peculiar HCV-infected population that needs a clinical multidisciplinary approach and more articulated therapeutic measures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.