ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2012
Her versus his migraine: multiple sex differences in brain function and structure.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genetic Overlap Analysis Identifies a Shared Etiology between Migraine and Headache with Type 2 Diabetes.Genes · 2022Pooled it
- Cortical Thickness in Migraine: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Giving Researchers a Headache - Sex and Gender Differences in Migraine.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Grey matter alterations in migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2017Pooled it
- Migraine phases and treatment response: a post hoc analysis of participants with migraine with aura from the TEAM study.BMC neurology · 2026Trial
- Structural and functional brain changes in perimenopausal women who are susceptible to migraine: a study protocol of multi-modal MRI trial.BMC medical imaging · 2018Trial
- Gender differences in functional connectivities between insular subdivisions and selective pain-related brain structures.The journal of headache and pain · 2018Trial
- Acupuncture treatment modulates the resting-state functional connectivity of brain regions in migraine patients without aura.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2016Trial
- Gender differences of cognitive function in migraine patients: evidence from event-related potentials using the oddball paradigm.The journal of headache and pain · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Reduced thalamic glutathione in migraine: a MEGA-PRESS spectroscopy study.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Sex-specific considerations in migraine therapy.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Trends in self-reported headache disorder in Spain between 2006 and 2023: the role of sociodemographic factors.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Decreases in Hormone Levels Modulate Neurovascular Coupling but Not Reduced Insular Functional Connectivity in Menstrual-Related Migraine.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Migraine in men - differences in phenotype and treatment patterns: results from the Migraine in Poland cross-sectional national survey.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Pathophysiological changes in incentive processing in episodic migraine: a preliminary event-related potential study.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2025Article
- Cognition, mental health, and quality of life in patients with chronic and episodic migraine during the interictal period.BMC neurology · 2025Observational
- The burden of migraine and tension-type headache in Asia from 1990 to 2021.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Burden of neurological diseases in Asia, from 1990 to 2021 and its predicted level to 2045: a Global Burden of Disease study.BMC public health · 2025Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Migraine is twice as common in females as in males, but the mechanisms behind this difference are still poorly understood. We used high-field magnetic resonance imaging in male and female age-matched interictal (migraine free) migraineurs and matched healthy controls to determine alterations in brain structure. Female migraineurs had thicker posterior insula and precuneus cortices compared with male migraineurs and healthy controls of both sexes. Furthermore, evaluation of functional responses to heat within the migraine groups indicated concurrent functional differences in male and female migraineurs and a sex-specific pattern of functional connectivity of these two regions with the rest of the brain. The results support the notion of a 'sex phenotype' in migraine and indicate that brains are differentially affected by migraine in females compared with males. Furthermore, the results also support the notion that sex differences involve both brain structure as well as functional circuits, in that emotional circuitry compared with sensory processing appears involved to a greater degree in female than male migraineurs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.