ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2013
Maternal immune activation causes age- and region-specific changes in brain cytokines in offspring throughout development.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 194 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
194 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 362 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal immune activation generates anxiety in offspring: A translational meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Blood transcriptomic comparison of individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder: A combined-samples mega-analysis.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2017Pooled it
- Cytokine aberrations in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2015Pooled it
- Article
- Prenatal Stress Induced by Maternal Immune Activation Disrupts GABAergic Inhibition and Mossy Fiber Plasticity in the Rat Dentate Gyrus-CA3 Circuit.Hippocampus · 2026Article
- Ketamine attenuates anxiety-like behavior and oxidative imbalance in the maternal immune activation model: emphasis on the cerebellum.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Maternal inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy in relation to early childhood neurodevelopment.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Review
- Individual and Combined Associations of Maternal Fever, Placental Inflammation, and Prematurity With Autism and ADHD.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Maternal immune activation with high molecular weight poly (I:C) induces selective depressive-like phenotype in adult offspring.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The role of the kynurenine pathway in the pathophysiology of autism-like phenotype induced by maternal inflammation in male mice.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Article
- Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Postpartum Pain and Vaginal-Gut Microbiota Interactions: An Integrative Narrative Review with Implications for Maternal Recovery and Pain Modulation.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Microglia and immune signaling as architects of the brain.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Prenatal immune activation and adult Poly(I:C) re-challenge promote neuroimmune priming and AD-related behavioural, cellular and molecular alterations in wild-type mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Tau Hypophosphorylation at Ser416 as the Early Molecular Imprint of Maternal Immune Activation: Insights from Female Mice Offspring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Decreased hippocampal neurite density in late-middle-aged adults following prenatal exposure to higher levels of maternal inflammation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Decreased hippocampal neurite density in late middle-aged adults following prenatal exposure to higher levels of maternal inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring of mothers with a history of endometriosis in Taiwanese women.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune and behavioral changes elicited by maternal immune activation in mice are ameliorated by early postnatal immune stimulation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Maternal infection is a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Indeed, modeling this risk factor in mice through maternal immune activation (MIA) causes ASD- and SZ-like neuropathologies and behaviors in the offspring. Although MIA upregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines in the fetal brain, whether MIA leads to long-lasting changes in brain cytokines during postnatal development remains unknown. Here, we tested this possibility by measuring protein levels of 23 cytokines in the blood and three brain regions from offspring of poly(I:C)- and saline-injected mice at five postnatal ages using multiplex arrays. Most cytokines examined are present in sera and brains throughout development. MIA induces changes in the levels of many cytokines in the brains and sera of offspring in a region- and age-specific manner. These MIA-induced changes follow a few, unexpected and distinct patterns. In frontal and cingulate cortices, several, mostly pro-inflammatory, cytokines are elevated at birth, followed by decreases during periods of synaptogenesis and plasticity, and increases again in the adult. Cytokines are also altered in postnatal hippocampus, but in a pattern distinct from the other regions. The MIA-induced changes in brain cytokines do not correlate with changes in serum cytokines from the same animals. Finally, these MIA-induced cytokine changes are not accompanied by breaches in the blood-brain barrier, immune cell infiltration or increases in microglial density. Together, these data indicate that MIA leads to long-lasting, region-specific changes in brain cytokines in offspring-similar to those reported for ASD and SZ-that may alter CNS development and behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.