ArticleDevelopmental cell2012
Smchd1-dependent and -independent pathways determine developmental dynamics of CpG island methylation on the inactive X chromosome.
Article in Developmental cell, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.
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Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antisense Oligonucleotide-MediatedAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- From inactivation to intervention: X chromosome silencing in disease pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic strategies.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Review
- Selective interaction of SMCHD1 with chromatin is governed by LRIF1 and SMCHD1 ATPase activity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Chromatin binding and N-terminal domains of DNMT3B1 confer specificity for developmentally regulated CpG island methylation.Genes & development · 2026Article
- SETDB1 and HUSH modulate Xist RNA levels during establishment of X chromosome inactivation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Xist RNA dependent and independent mechanisms regulate dynamic X chromosome inactivation in B lymphocytes.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Establishment and Maintenance of Repressed Chromatin States on Dosage-Compensated Sex Chromosomes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- The impact of X chromosome inactivation on human health.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- DNA methylation biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment management of breast cancer: where are we now?Epigenomics · 2025Review
- Epigenetic relay: Polycomb-directed DNA methylation in mammalian development.PLoS genetics · 2025Review
- Hbo1 and Msl complexes preserve differential compaction and H3K27me3 marking of active and inactive X chromosomes during mitosis.Nature cell biology · 2025Article
- SMCHD1 maintains heterochromatin, genome compartments and epigenome landscape in human myoblasts.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic intervention.Genome biology · 2025Review
- X chromosome inactivation in mammals: general principles and species-specific considerations.EMBO reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Escape from X-chromosome inactivation at KDM5C is driven by promoter-proximal DNA elements and enhanced by domain context.Human molecular genetics · 2025Article
- The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling in COVID-19 pathology and its therapeutic potential.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Multifaceted role of CTCF in X-chromosome inactivation.Chromosoma · 2024Review
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
X chromosome inactivation involves multiple levels of chromatin modification, established progressively and in a stepwise manner during early development. The chromosomal protein Smchd1 was recently shown to play an important role in DNA methylation of CpG islands (CGIs), a late step in the X inactivation pathway that is required for long-term maintenance of gene silencing. Here we show that inactive X chromosome (Xi) CGI methylation can occur via either Smchd1-dependent or -independent pathways. Smchd1-dependent CGI methylation, the primary pathway, is acquired gradually over an extended period, whereas Smchd1-independent CGI methylation occurs rapidly after the onset of X inactivation. The de novo methyltransferase Dnmt3b is required for methylation of both classes of CGI, whereas Dnmt3a and Dnmt3L are dispensable. Xi CGIs methylated by these distinct pathways differ with respect to their sequence characteristics and immediate chromosomal environment. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding CGI methylation during development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.