ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2012
Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin modulates skin host response to viral infection.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapid reduction in Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis subjects following dupilumab treatment.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Trial
- Keratinocytes: pleiotropic orchestrators of cutaneous immunity and Inflammation - Emerging therapeutic paradigms in dermatological pathologies.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
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- Skin and systemic infections in children with atopic dermatitis: review of the current evidence.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
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- Bleach baths enhance skin barrier, reduce itch but do not normalize skin dysbiosis in atopic dermatitis.Archives of dermatological research · 2023Article
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- Human skin bacterial microbiota homeostasis: A delicate balance between health and disease.mLife · 2023Review
- Multiple painful vesicles in a patient with erythroderma.JAAD case reports · 2023Article
- The cooperation between orf virus andFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Pathogenic role of the staphylococcal accessory gene regulator quorum sensing system in atopic dermatitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- A new horizon of precision medicine: combination of the microbiome and extracellular vesicles.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Bacterial Toxins fromViruses · 2022Article
- Article
- Anti-viral activity ofInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Interferon-Lambda 1 InhibitsFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- On the surface: Skin microbial exposure contributes to allergic disease.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2020Review
- Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Skin Barrier Repair in Individuals with Atopic Dermatitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Eczema Herpeticum: Clinical and Pathophysiological Aspects.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2020Review
- The role of bacterial skin infections in atopic dermatitis: expert statement and review from the International Eczema Council Skin Infection Group.The British journal of dermatology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatients with atopic dermatitis (AD) with a history of eczema herpeticum have increased staphylococcal colonization and infections. However, whether Staphylococcus aureus alters the outcome of skin viral infection has not been determined.
objectiveWe investigated whether S aureus toxins modulated host response to herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and vaccinia virus (VV) infections in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) and in murine infection models.
methodsNHKs were treated with S aureus toxins before incubation of viruses. BALB/c mice were inoculated with S aureus 2 days before VV scarification. Viral loads of HSV-1 and VV were evaluated by using real-time PCR, a viral plaque-forming assay, and immunofluorescence staining. Small interfering RNA duplexes were used to knockdown the gene expression of the cellular receptor of α-toxin, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10). ADAM10 protein and α-toxin heptamers were detected by using Western blot assays.
resultsWe demonstrate that sublytic staphylococcal α-toxin increases viral loads of HSV-1 and VV in NHKs. Furthermore, we demonstrate in vivo that the VV load is significantly greater (P < .05) in murine skin inoculated with an α-toxin-producing S aureus strain compared with murine skin inoculated with the isogenic α-toxin-deleted strain. The viral enhancing effect of α-toxin is mediated by ADAM10 and is associated with its pore-forming property. Moreover, we demonstrate that α-toxin promotes viral entry in NHKs.
conclusionThe current study introduces the novel concept that staphylococcal α-toxin promotes viral skin infection and provides a mechanism by which S aureus infection might predispose the host toward disseminated viral infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.