Trial reportBiological psychiatry2013
Rapid and longer-term antidepressant effects of repeated ketamine infusions in treatment-resistant major depression.
Trial report in Biological psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 7 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 358 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Continuation Intravenous Ketamine in Major Depressive Disorder - Modification: Lithium for Relapse Prevention
Ketamine Plus Lithium as a Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Strategy in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Evaluation of the Initial Prescription of Ketamine and Milnacipran Forin Depression in Patients With a Progressive Disease
Assessing the Effectiveness of Psychiatric Interventions on the Inpatient Unit
Evaluation of Schemes of Administration of Intravenous Ketamine in Treatment-resistant Depression: Clinical-neuroimaging Correlation
Intramuscular Ketamine Versus Escitalopram and Aripiprazole in Acute and Maintenance Treatment of Patients With Treatment-resistant Depression
A Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy of Subanesthetic Doses of IV Ketamine in the Treatment Drug Resistant Epilepsy
Who cites it
358 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 771 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Ketamine-induced altered states of consciousness: a systematic review of implications for therapeutic outcomes in psychiatric practices.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics in Treating Substance Use Disorders: A Review of Clinical Trials.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the effects of ketamine on suicidal ideation in depression patients.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- The Mechanisms Behind Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine: A Systematic Review With a Focus on Molecular Neuroplasticity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Ketamine's effect on inflammation and kynurenine pathway in depression: A systematic review.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Ketamine for Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Strategies to Prolong Ketamine's Efficacy in Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression.Advances in therapy · 2021Pooled it
- The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Recommendations for the Use of Racemic Ketamine in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Recommandations Du Groupe De Travail Du Réseau Canadien Pour Les Traitements De L'humeur Et De L'anxiété (Canmat) Concernant L'utilisation De La Kétamine Racémique Chez Les Adultes Souffrant De Trouble Dépressif Majeur.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2021Pooled it
- Pharmacological Augmentation in Unipolar Depression: A Guide to the Guidelines.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of single and repeated administration of ketamine in unipolar and bipolar depression: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2020Pooled it
- The CINP Guidelines on the Definition and Evidence-Based Interventions for Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Prophylactic esketamine to reduce postpartum depression in primiparae: A multicentre, double-blind, randomised clinical trial.European journal of anaesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Antidepressant efficacy of ketamine plus naltrexone for major depression comorbid with alcohol use disorder: a randomized controlled trial.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Acute subanesthetic ketamine-induced effects on the mismatch negativity and their relationship to early and sustained treatment response in major depressive disorder.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Correlations between major depressive disorder, splenic morphology, and immune function.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of intravenous ketamine treatment in Japanese patients with treatment-resistant depression: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Trial
- Participant Experiences from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Heated Yoga for Depression.International journal of yoga therapy · 2024Trial
- Subanesthetic Ketamine Suppresses Locus Coeruleus-Mediated Alertness Effects: A 7T fMRI Study.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Acute Dissociation and Ketamine's Antidepressant and Anti-Suicidal Ideation Effects in a Midazolam-Controlled Trial.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
298 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundKetamine is reported to have rapid antidepressant effects; however, there is limited understanding of the time-course of ketamine effects beyond a single infusion. A previous report including 10 participants with treatment-resistant major depression (TRD) found that six ketamine infusions resulted in a sustained antidepressant effect. In the current report, we examined the pattern and durability of antidepressant effects of repeated ketamine infusions in a larger sample, inclusive of the original.
methodsParticipants with TRD (n = 24) underwent a washout of antidepressant medication followed by a series of up to six IV infusions of ketamine (.5 mg/kg) administered open-label three times weekly over a 12-day period. Participants meeting response criteria were monitored for relapse for up to 83 days from the last infusion.
resultsThe overall response rate at study end was 70.8%. There was a large mean decrease in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score at 2 hours after the first ketamine infusion (18.9 ± 6.6, p < .001), and this decrease was largely sustained for the duration of the infusion period. Response at study end was strongly predicted by response at 4 hours (94% sensitive, 71% specific). Among responders, median time to relapse after the last ketamine infusion was 18 days.
conclusionsKetamine was associated with a rapid antidepressant effect in TRD that was predictive of a sustained effect. Future controlled studies will be required to identify strategies to maintain an antidepressant response among patients who benefit from a course of ketamine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.