ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2012
Gender disparities in diabetes and coronary heart disease medication among patients with type 2 diabetes: results from the DIANA study.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender Bias in Clinical Trials of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Pooled it
- A large-scale, observational study to investigate the current status of diabetes complication and their prevention in Japan: incidence/risk factors for malignancies during follow-up-JDCP study 11 (English version).Diabetology international · 2024Guideline
- Factors associated with high oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of two cohort studies.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Risk of all-cause and CHD mortality in women versus men with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of endocrinology · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Relationship Between Low Bone Mineral Density and Fractures With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sex differences in diabetes and risk of incident coronary artery disease in healthy young and middle-aged adults.Diabetes care · 2014Pooled it
- Age disparities in SGLT2 inhibitor prescription among people with type 2 diabetes: The role of frailty and sex.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Observational
- Are hypertensive women with type 2 diabetes treated with RAS inhibitors as often as men? A cross-sectional study in France.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Comparative Effectiveness of Insulin Versus Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Diabetic Patients With Acute Stroke: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis of Treatment Outcomes and Influencing Factors.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors and Vascular Damage Progression in Type 2 Diabetes: A Primary Care Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Value is Gendered: The Need for Sex and Gender Considerations in Health Economic Evaluations.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Article
- Impact of Gender on Chronic Complications in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Study.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2024Article
- Gender Differences in the Incidence of Nephropathy and Changes in Renal Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Sex-Based Differences in Clinical Profile and Complications among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Seen at a Private Tertiary Diabetes Care Centre in India.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Diabetes mellitus monitoring and control among adults in Australian general practice: a national retrospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Call to action: Understanding the differences in the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCoronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common long-term complications in people with type 2 diabetes. We analyzed whether or not gender differences exist in diabetes and CHD medication among people with type 2 diabetes.
methodsThe study was based on data from the baseline examination of the DIANA study, a prospective cohort study of 1,146 patients with type 2 diabetes conducted in South-West Germany. Information on diabetes and CHD medication was obtained from the physician questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were employed in order to assess associations between gender and prescribed drug classes.
resultsIn total, 624 men and 522 women with type 2 diabetes with a mean age of 67.2 and 69.7 years, respectively, were included in this analysis. Compared to women, men had more angiopathic risk factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption and worse glycemic control, and had more often a diagnosed CHD. Bivariate analyses showed higher prescription of thiazolidinediones and oral combination drugs as well as of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and aspirin in men than in women. After full adjustment, differences between men and women remained significant only for ACE inhibitors (OR=1.44; 95%-confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.88) and calcium channel blockers (OR=1.42, 95%-CI: 1.05-1.91).
conclusionsThese findings contribute to current discussions on gender differences in diabetes care. Men with diabetes are significantly more likely to receive oral combination drugs, ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers in the presence of coronary heart disease, respectively. Our results suggest, that diabetic men might be more thoroughly treated compared to women. Further research is needed to focus on reasons for these differences mainly in treatment of cardiovascular diseases to improve quality of care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.