ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2012
Perforin expression by CD4+ regulatory T cells increases at multiple sclerosis relapse: sex differences.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical exercise promotes white matter repair after ischemic stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Potential biological contributers to the sex difference in multiple sclerosis progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immune Cell Contributors to the Female Sex Bias in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- SeXX Matters in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- High Perforin-Positive Cardiac Cell Infiltration and Male Sex Predict Adverse Long-Term Mortality in Patients With Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Article
- Sex Drives Dimorphic Immune Responses to Viral Infections.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Review
- Regulatory T Cell and Forkhead Box Protein 3 as Modulators of Immune Homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Lower serum levels of Th2-related chemokine CCL22 in women patients with multiple sclerosis: a comparison between patients and healthy women.Inflammation · 2014Article
- Role of regulatory T cells in pathogenesis and biological therapy of multiple sclerosis.Mediators of inflammation · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) represents the leading cause of neurological deficit among young adults, affecting women more frequently than men. In MS, the extent of central nervous system lesions is determined by the net balance between self-reactive and regulatory T-cells at any given time, among other factors, as well as by the effect of inflammatory response. Here, we studied both CD4+ and CD8+ T(Reg) in parallel in blood and CSF during MS relapse. A recruitment of both regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (T(Reg)) within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) takes place during MS relapse. Not previously described, the presence of CD4+ T(Reg) in CSF was higher in women than in men, which could account for the sexual dimorphism in the incidence of MS. A direct correlation between plasma oestradiol (E2) and IL-2 levels was observed, in line with a putative circuit of E2 and perforin expression by CD4+ T(Reg) playing a role in MS. Also, serum IFN-alpha was higher in females, with direct correlation with serum E2 levels. This is the first study to analyze perforin expression by CD4+ T(Reg) in MS, which was greatly enhanced in CSF, what points out a relevant role of this molecule in the suppressive effects of the CD4+ T(Reg) in MS, and contributes to the understanding of MS pathophysiology.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.