ArticleDrug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals2013
Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone.
Article in Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Pharmacological Treatment of Women with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.Current psychiatry reports · 2023Pooled it
- Pregnancy-Associated Changes in Pharmacokinetics: A Systematic Review.PLoS medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Praziquantel in Pregnant and Lactating Filipino Women Infected with Schistosoma japonicum.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Trial
- Transdermal estradiol for postpartum depression: results from a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Archives of women's mental health · 2020Trial
- Is cytochrome P450 3A4 regulated by menstrual cycle hormones in control endometrium and endometriosis?Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2017Trial
- Pregnancy-induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2016Trial
- Transdermal Estradiol Treatment for Postpartum Depression: A Pilot, Randomized Trial.Journal of clinical psychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of omeprazole and its metabolites in three phases of menstrual cycle.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2015Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of indomethacin in pregnancy.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2014Trial
- Estrogen Receptor Beta Isoforms Interplay Integrates Nuclear and Extra-Nuclear Signaling to Modulate Human Granulosa Cell Growth.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Therapeutics Beyond Delivery: Repurposed Drugs and Biologic Pathways.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Psychedelics and women's mental health: the effects of female sex hormones on psychedelics' efficacy and tolerability.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Sex differences in the response to treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in hepatic enzymes and transporters involved in pharmacokinetics.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Hereditary and Viral Diseases of the Liver: Modeling and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The tacrolimus concentration-to-dose ratio is associated with kidney function in heart transplant recipients.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics of betamethasone in pre-eclampsia: An in vivo and ex vivo study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Clinical features and outcomes of first-line EGFR-TKI treatment in younger and older patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Sex differences in bladder cancer: understanding biological and clinical implications.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of altered hepatic drug disposition during pregnancy: small molecules.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2025Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Results from clinical studies suggest that pregnancy alters hepatic drug metabolism in a cytochrome P450 (P450) isoform-specific manner, and rising concentrations of female hormones are potentially responsible for the changes. The objective of this study was to comprehensively characterize the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the expression and activity of major drug-metabolizing P450s. To this end, primary human hepatocytes were treated with estradiol and progesterone, and mRNA expression and activity levels of 10 different P450 isoforms were determined. The results showed that estradiol enhances CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 expression, whereas progesterone induces CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 expression. The induction was mainly observed when the average hormone concentrations were at the levels reached during pregnancy, suggesting that these effects are likely pregnancy-specific. Estradiol also increased enzyme activities of CYP2C9 and CYP2E1 without affecting the mRNA expression levels by unknown mechanisms. Taken together, our results show differential effects of estrogen and progesterone on P450 expression, suggesting involvement of different regulatory mechanisms in female hormone-mediated P450 regulation. Our findings potentially provide a basis in mechanistic understanding for altered drug metabolism during pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.