ReviewCritical care (London, England)2012
Therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations of nearly 1,000 drugs and other xenobiotics.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 990 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intrauterine therapy of cytomegalovirus infection with valganciclovir: review of the literature.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2017Pooled it
- Abuse and Misuse of Pregabalin and Gabapentin.Drugs · 2017Pooled it
- Therapeutic Concentrations of Metformin: A Systematic Review.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2016Pooled it
- The efficacy of prophylactic metoclopramide in preventing nausea and vomiting in patients with acute pain treated with intravenous tramadol: a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.BMC research notes · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Differentiating therapeutic use and potential impairment in the forensic interpretation of valsartan concentrations in road traffic offenders.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Sildenafil Positivity and Chronic Cardiac Pathology in Men Who Died of Ischemic Heart Disease: An Age- and Sex-Matched Postmortem Case-Control Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rat and human primary proximal tubule epithelial cells allow for cross-species comparisons of drug-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Tramadol modulates Lucilia sericata development: clinical larval therapy and forensic insights.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Fatal atomoxetine overdose in Japan: a forensic autopsy case report.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- UPLC-MS/MS Analytical Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Diazepam, Nordazepam, and Oxazepam in Patients With Alcohol Dependence.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
- Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia induced by methamphetamine: an autopsy case report.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Non-invasive quantification of viability in liver spheroids using deep learning.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Cyclizine Toxicity and Misuse in an Adolescent With Eating Disorder and Depression: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Critical care management of the patient with pharmaceutical poisoning.Intensive care medicine · 2025Review
- Acute Intoxication After Baclofen Administration: A Review of the Literature and Methodological Proposals.Toxics · 2025Review
- Evaluation and comparison of tools used to quantify aggregate PFAS exposure: Extractable organic fluorine, PFAS burden scores and summed PFAS concentrations.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Caffeine Intoxication: An Analysis of Published Case Reports, 1883–2023.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Multianalyte Approach-Including Automated Preparation of Calibrators-for Validated Quantification of 82 Drugs in Whole Blood by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.Drug testing and analysis · 2025Article
- Article
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn order to assess the significance of drug levels measured in intensive care medicine, clinical and forensic toxicology, as well as for therapeutic drug monitoring, it is essential that a comprehensive collection of data is readily available. Therefore, it makes sense to offer a carefully referenced compilation of therapeutic and toxic plasma concentration ranges, as well as half-lives, of a large number of drugs and other xenobiotics for quick and comprehensive information.
methodsData have been abstracted from original papers and text books, as well as from previous compilations, and have been completed with data collected in our own forensic and clinical toxicology laboratory. The data presented in the table and corresponding annotations have been developed over the past 20 years and longer. A previous compilation has been completely revised and updated. In addition, more than 170 substances, especially drugs that have been introduced to the market since 2003 as well as illegal drugs, which became known to cause intoxications, were added. All data were carefully referenced and more than 200 new references were included. Moreover, the annotations providing details were completely revised and more than 100 annotations were added.
resultsFor nearly 1,000 drugs and other xenobiotics, therapeutic ("normal") and, if data were available, toxic and comatose-fatal blood-plasma concentrations and elimination half-lives were compiled in a table.
conclusionsIn case of intoxications, the concentration of the ingested substances and/or metabolites in blood plasma better predicts the clinical severity of the case when compared to the assumed amount and time of ingestion. Comparing and contrasting the clinical case against the data provided, including the half-life, may support the decision for or against further intensive care. In addition, the data provided are useful for the therapeutic monitoring of pharmacotherapies, to facilitate the diagnostic assessment and monitoring of acute and chronic intoxications, and to support forensic and clinical expert opinions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.