ArticleTissue engineering. Part C, Methods2013
Effect of oxygen concentration on viability and metabolism in a fluidized-bed bioartificial liver using ³¹P and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.
Article in Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Live Metabolomics with NMR.Analytical chemistry · 2026Review
- Fabrication of cell-laden hydrogel microcapsules of alginate and chitin fibrils using divalent and trivalent metal ions.RSC advances · 2025Article
- A human liver organoid screening platform for DILI risk prediction.Journal of hepatology · 2023Article
- Liver three-dimensional cellular models for high-throughput chemical testing.Cell reports methods · 2023Review
- Harnessing the potential of oxygen-generating materials and their utilization in organ-specific delivery of oxygen.Biomaterials science · 2023Review
- Radio Signals from Live Cells: The Coming of Age of In-Cell Solution NMR.Chemical reviews · 2022Review
- Direct Detection of Glutathione Biosynthesis, Conjugation, Depletion and Recovery in Intact Hepatoma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Nano-fibre Integrated Microcapsules: A Nano-in-Micro Platform for 3D Cell Culture.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Chemistry and biochemistry of 13C hyperpolarized magnetic resonance using dynamic nuclear polarization.Chemical Society reviews · 2014Review
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9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Many oxygen mass-transfer modeling studies have been performed for various bioartificial liver (BAL) encapsulation types; yet, to our knowledge, there is no experimental study that directly and noninvasively measures viability and metabolism as a function of time and oxygen concentration. We report the effect of oxygen concentration on viability and metabolism in a fluidized-bed NMR-compatible BAL using in vivo ³¹P and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, respectively, by monitoring nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) and ¹³C-labeled nutrient metabolites, respectively. Fluidized-bed bioreactors eliminate the potential channeling that occurs with packed-bed bioreactors and serve as an ideal experimental model for homogeneous oxygen distribution. Hepatocytes were electrostatically encapsulated in alginate (avg. diameter, 500 μm; 3.5×10⁷ cells/mL) and perfused at 3 mL/min in a 9-cm (inner diameter) cylindrical glass NMR tube. Four oxygen treatments were tested and validated by an in-line oxygen electrode: (1) 95:5 oxygen:carbon dioxide (carbogen), (2) 75:20:5 nitrogen:oxygen:carbon dioxide, (3) 60:35:5 nitrogen:oxygen:carbon dioxide, and (4) 45:50:5 nitrogen:oxygen:carbon dioxide. With 20% oxygen, β-NTP steadily decreased until it was no longer detected at 11 h. The 35%, 50%, and 95% oxygen treatments resulted in steady β-NTP levels throughout the 28-h experimental period. For the 50% and 95% oxygen treatment, a ¹³C NMR time course (∼5 h) revealed 2-¹³C-glycine and 2-¹³C-glucose to be incorporated into [2-¹³C-glycyl]glutathione (GSH) and 2-¹³C-lactate, respectively, with 95% having a lower rate of lactate formation. ³¹P and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy is a noninvasive method for determining viability and metabolic rates. Modifying tissue-engineered devices to be NMR compatible is a relatively easy and inexpensive process depending on the bioreactor shape.
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