ArticleKidney international2013
Apolipoprotein L1 gene variants associate with hypertension-attributed nephropathy and the rate of kidney function decline in African Americans.
Article in Kidney international, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04646408 (Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease, Kidney Disease and Diabetes in People of African Ancestry With HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 143 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease, Kidney Disease and Diabetes in People of African Ancestry With HIV (CKD Study)
Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apolipoprotein L1 gene variants and kidney disease in patients with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nephrology · 2023Pooled it
- Arg913Gln variation of SLC12A3 gene is associated with diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes and Gitelman syndrome: a systematic review.BMC nephrology · 2019Pooled it
- Kidney disease among children in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review.Pediatric research · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Determining the effects and challenges of incorporating genetic testing into primary care management of hypertensive patients with African ancestry.Contemporary clinical trials · 2016Trial
- Examination of Potential Modifiers of the Association of APOL1 Alleles with CKD Progression.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2015Trial
- Clinical Features and Histology of Apolipoprotein L1-Associated Nephropathy in the FSGS Clinical Trial.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2015Trial
- Autophagy and Mitophagy in Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease: Evidence Grading, Cell-Type Divergence, and a Working Lysosomal Hypothesis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Blood pressure andClinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Associations of Nephron Number, Birth Weight, and Causes of Death in a Community at High Risk of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- The role of suPAR and related proteins in kidney, heart diseases, and diabetes.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Apolipoprotein L1 genetic testing, family history of hypertension, and kidney disease in a Midwestern U.S. cohort.Frontiers in nephrology · 2026Article
- APOL1 kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.Kidney international · 2025Article
- Review
- Interaction BetweenKidney international reports · 2025Article
- Article
- APOL1 Dynamics in Diabetic Kidney Disease and Hypertension.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- Small molecule APOL1 inhibitors as a precision medicine approach for APOL1-mediated kidney disease.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Related Disorders.Annual review of pathology · 2025Review
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite intensive antihypertensive therapy there was a high incidence of renal end points in participants of the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) cohort. To better understand this, coding variants in the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) and the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) genes were evaluated for an association with hypertension-attributed nephropathy and clinical outcomes in a case-control study. Clinical data and DNA were available for 675 AASK participant cases and 618 African American non-nephropathy control individuals. APOL1 G1 and G2, and MYH9 E1 variants along with 44 ancestry informative markers, were genotyped with allele frequency differences between cases and controls analyzed by logistic regression multivariable models adjusting for ancestry, age, and gender. In recessive models, APOL1 risk variants were significantly associated with kidney disease in all cases compared to controls with an odds ratio of 2.57. In AASK cases with more advanced disease, such as a baseline urine protein to creatinine ratio over 0.6 g/g or a serum creatinine over 3 mg/dl during follow-up, the association was strengthened with odds ratios of 6.29 and 4.61, respectively. APOL1 risk variants were consistently associated with renal disease progression across medication classes and blood pressure targets. Thus, kidney disease in AASK participants was strongly associated with APOL1 renal risk variants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.