ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2012
Cigarette litter: smokers' attitudes and behaviors.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review on cigarette butt management as a hazardous waste and prevalent litter: control and recycling.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Pooled it
- Switching people who smoke to unfiltered cigarettes: perceptions, addiction and behavioural effects in a cross-over randomised controlled trial.Tobacco control · 2023Trial
- Adolescents' Health Perceptions of Natural American Spirit's On-the-Pack Eco-Friendly Campaign.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021Trial
- Mapping the Distribution of Tobacco Litter During the Haridwar Kumbh Mela 2021: A Compliance Assessment of Tobacco-Free Kumbh Mela.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026Article
- Tackling the "Filter Fraud": A Call for Policy Action to Address Environmental and Health Harms Caused by Cigarette Filters.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Estimation of concentration and risk assessment of PAHs in urban water resources due to cigarette butt littering.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of Cigarette-Derived Compounds on the Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance in Artificial Human Lung Sputum Medium, Simulated Environmental Media, and Wastewater.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Disposal practices of cigarettes and electronic nicotine products among adults, findings from Wave 6 (2021) of the PATH Study.PloS one · 2025Article
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- Study of the impact of structural factors and cleaning efficiency in reducing hazardous litter density and its related pollution in urban environment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Ecotoxicological assessment of cigarette butts on morphology and photosynthetic potential of Azolla pinnata.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Place-based estimates of cigarette butt litter raise environmental justice concerns in the United States.PloS one · 2024Article
- Understanding the factors affecting the quantity and composition of street litter: Implication for management practices.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Clean environment index: A new approach for litter assessment.Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA · 2023Article
- Modelling the global economic costs of tobacco product waste.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Article
- Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors about Cigarette-Butt Littering among College-Aged Adults in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The impact of cigarette pack anti-littering messages.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Emission, Transport, and Deposition of visible Plastics in an Estuary and the Baltic Sea-a Monitoring and Modeling Approach.Environmental management · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette butts are consistently the most collected items in litter clean-up efforts, which are a costly burden to local economies. In addition, tobacco waste may be detrimental to our natural environment. The tobacco industry has conducted or funded numerous studies on smokers' littering knowledge and behavior, however, non-industry sponsored research is rare. We sought to examine whether demographics and smokers' knowledge and beliefs toward cigarette waste as litter predicts littering behavior. Smokers aged 18 and older (n = 1,000) were interviewed about their knowledge and beliefs towards cigarette waste as litter. Respondents were members of the Research Now panel, an online panel of over three million respondents in the United States. Multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to determine factors significantly predictive of ever having littered cigarette butts or having littered cigarette butts within the past month (p-value < 0.05). The majority (74.1%) of smokers reported having littered cigarette butts at least once in their life, by disposing of them on the ground or throwing them out of a car window. Over half (55.7%) reported disposing of cigarette butts on the ground, in a sewer/gutter, or down a drain in the past month. Those who did not consider cigarette butts to be litter were over three and half times as likely to report having ever littered cigarette butts (OR = 3.68, 95%CI = 2.04, 6.66) and four times as likely to have littered cigarette butts in the past month (OR = 4.00, 95%CI = 2.53, 6.32). Males were significantly more likely to have littered cigarette butts in the past month compared to females (OR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.14, 1.94). Holding the belief that cigarette butts are not litter was the only belief in this study that predicted ever or past-month littering of cigarette waste. Messages in anti-cigarette-litter campaigns should emphasize that cigarette butts are not just litter but are toxic waste and are harmful when disposed of improperly.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.