ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2012
Innate immune activation enhances hiv acquisition in women, diminishing the effectiveness of tenofovir microbicide gel.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Investigating the effects of cytokine biomarkers on HIV incidence: a case study for individuals randomized to pre-exposure prophylaxis vs. control.Frontiers in public health · 2024Trial
- Pre-infection plasma cytokines and chemokines as predictors of HIV disease progression.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis differentially alters circulating and mucosal immune cell activation in herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive women.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Using safe, affordable and accessible non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce the number of HIV target cells in the blood and at the female genital tract.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Trial
- Mucosal effects of tenofovir 1% gel.eLife · 2015Trial
- Neither microbial translocation nor TLR responsiveness are likely explanations for preexisting immune activation in women who subsequently acquired HIV in CAPRISA 004.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Self-Assembly of Anti-Inflammatory Peptide Amphiphiles for Mucosal Health.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
- NK cell activation and CD4+ T cell α4β7 expression are associated with susceptibility to HIV-1.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Acute HIV-1 Infection: Paradigm and Singularity.Viruses · 2025Review
- Cytokine profiles as predictors of HIV incidence using machine learning survival models and statistical interpretable techniques.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Impact of Recombinant VSV-HIV Prime, DNA-Boost Vaccine Candidates on Immunogenicity and Viremia on SHIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Rhesus macaques show increased resistance to repeated SHIV intrarectal exposure following a heterologous regimen of rVSV vector vaccine expressing HIV antigen.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Prevalence and Association with Inflammatory Cytokines Among Sexual and Gender Minorities Living With and Without HIV-1 from Lagos, Nigeria.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- Dynamic immune markers predict HIV acquisition and augment associations with sociobehavioral factors for HIV exposure.iScience · 2022Article
- Article
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, immune activation, and risk of HIV acquisition.PloS one · 2022Article
- HPV and the Risk of HIV Acquisition in Women.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals withMicroorganisms · 2021Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The antiretroviral agent, tenofovir, formulated as a vaginal microbicide gel, reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition by 39% in women. This study assessed the role of preexisting immune activation in HIV acquisition in women from the CAPRISA 004 trial, to identify potential strategies to increase the effectiveness of tenofovir gel. Systemic cytokine and cellular immune mediators (platelets and natural killer [NK] cells) were assessed in women at high risk for HIV assigned to either tenofovir or placebo gel in the CAPRISA 004 trial. Notwithstanding tenofovir gel use, women who acquired HIV had significantly higher systemic innate immune activation prior to infection than women who remained uninfected. Activation of both soluble (cytokine) and cellular (NK cells) immune mediators were associated with HIV acquisition, individually or in combination. Hence, an innate immune activation suppressant could be added to tenofovir gel as a potential combination gel strategy in developing the next generation of higher efficacy antiretroviral microbicides.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.