ArticleParasites & vectors2012
Validation of Aedes aegypti Aag-2 cells as a model for insect immune studies.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into tick-pathogen interactions - a single cell RNA sequencing approach of transcriptional changes during ehrlichial infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Larvicidal and Immunomodulatory Effects of Conidia and Blastospores ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Functional Verification of Differentially Expressed Genes Following DENV2 Infection inViruses · 2025Article
- Article
- The transcriptional response in mosquitoes distinguishes between fungi and bacteria but not Gram types.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles secreted by Brugia malayi microfilariae modulate the melanization pathway in the mosquito host.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Rift Valley Fever Virus Primes Immune Responses inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- The DEAD-box RNA helicase Dhx15 controls glycolysis and arbovirus replication in Aedes aegypti mosquito cells.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- The Role of Mosquito Hemocytes in Viral Infections.Viruses · 2022Review
- Characterization of dengue virus 3'UTR RNA binding proteins in mosquitoes reveals that AeStaufen reduces subgenomic flaviviral RNA in saliva.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Dengue Virus-2 Infection Affects Fecundity and Elicits Specific Transcriptional Changes in the Ovaries ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Aedes fluviatilis cell lines as new tools to study metabolic and immune interactions in mosquito-Wolbachia symbiosis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Review
- Imd pathway-specific immune assays reveal NF-κB stimulation by viral RNA PAMPs in Aedes aegypti Aag2 cells.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- A selectable, plasmid-based system to generate CRISPR/Cas9 gene edited and knock-in mosquito cell lines.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Mosquito metabolomics reveal that dengue virus replication requires phospholipid reconfiguration via the remodeling cycle.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Establishment and characterization of a cell line from Ghanaian Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) focusing on Aedes-borne flavivirus susceptibility.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2020Article
- Transcriptome of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe understanding of mosquito immune responses can provide valuable tools for development of novel mosquito control strategies. Aiming the study at insect innate immunity, continuous insect cell lines have been established and used as research tools due to the fact that they constitute more homogeneous, sensitive, and reproducible systems than the insects from which they originated. More recently, Aag-2, an Aedes aegypti cell lineage, began to be frequently used as a model for studies of mosquito immunity. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, no study has systematically characterized the responses of Aag-2 cell line against different kinds of pathogens and compared its response to those exhibited by whole mosquitoes. For this reason, in this study we characterized gene expression profiles of the Aag-2 cell line in response to different kinds of immune challenges, such as Gram negative and positive bacteria, fungi and viruses, comparing the obtained results with the ones already described in the literature for whole mosquitoes.
methodsAedes aegypti Aag-2 cells were exposed to different immune stimuli (gram-positive and gram negative heat inactivated bacteria, zymosan or Sindbis virus) for 24 hours and the expression of selected marker genes from toll, IMD and Jak/STAT pathways was analyzed by qPCR. Also, cells were incubated with fluorescent latex beads for evaluation of its phagocytosis capacity.
resultsAag-2 cells were stimulated with two concentrations of heat-killed Gram negative (Enterobacter cloacae) or Gram positive (Micrococcus luteus) bacteria, Zymosan or infected with Sindbis virus and the expression of key genes from the main immune related pathways, Toll, IMD and Jak/STAT, were investigated. Our results suggest that Toll and IMD pathways are activated in response to both Gram positive and negative bacteria and Zymosan in Aag-2 cells, displaying an immune profile similar to those described in the literature for whole mosquitoes. The same stimuli were also capable of activating Jak/STAT pathway in Aag-2 cells. Infection with Sindbis virus led to an up-regulation of the transcription factor STAT but was not able to induce the expression of any other gene from any of the pathways assayed. We also showed that this cell line is able to phagocytose latex beads in culture.
conclusionsOur results characterize the expression profile of Aag-2 cells in response to different immune stimuli and demonstrate that this cell lineage is immune-competent and closely resembles the response described for whole Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Hence, our findings support the use of Aag-2 as a tool to comprehend Ae. aegypti immune response both at cellular and humoral levels.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.