Trial reportBMC pregnancy and childbirth2012
Health care costs associated with gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk women--results from a randomised trial.
Trial report in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04302168 (Effects of Choline Supplementation on Fetal Growth in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Choline Supplementation on Fetal Growth in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Economic Evaluation of Prenatal and Postpartum Care in Women With Gestational Diabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2022Pooled it
- Community-based non-pharmacological interventions for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.BMC women's health · 2022Pooled it
- Economic burden of maternal morbidity - A systematic review of cost-of-illness studies.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Fetal biometry for guiding the medical management of women with gestational diabetes mellitus for improving maternal and perinatal health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of healthy eating and/or physical activity promotion in pregnant women at increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: economic evaluation alongside the DALI study, a European multicenter randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2018Trial
- Postpartum Hospital Readmissions Among Women With Gestational Diabetes and Pregestational Diabetes in the United States, 2016 to 2022.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health · 2026Article
- The Economic Burden of Gestational Diabetes and Body Mass Index Changes Between Pregnancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Effects of exercise on blood glucose levels and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis and meta-regression.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2025Review
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Efficacy of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Management and Prevention.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Patient-Centred Gestational Diabetes Care: Preference Elicitation Methods and Machine Learning Innovations.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Review
- Gestational Diabetes and the Gut Microbiota: Fibre and Polyphenol Supplementation as a Therapeutic Strategy.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Article
- Effect of Gestational Weight Gain during the First Half of Pregnancy on the Incidence of GDM, Results from a Pregnant Cohort in Northern Greece.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Assessment of the Validity of Administrative Data for Gestational Diabetes Ascertainment.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2023Article
- Translation and psychometric validation of the Arabic version of Summary of the Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) among pregnant women with gestational diabetes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Changing patterns in medication prescription for gestational diabetes during a time of guideline change in the USA: a cross-sectional study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2022 · on this mapArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe costs of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening have been frequently reported, but total GDM-related health care costs compared to the health care costs of women without GDM have not been reported. The aim of this study was to analyse GDM-related health care costs among women with an elevated risk of GDM.
methodsThe study was based on a cluster-randomised GDM prevention trial (N = 848) carried out at maternity clinics, combined with data from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and Care Registers for Social Welfare and Health Care. Costs of outpatient visits to primary and secondary care, cost of inpatient hospital care before and after delivery, the use of insulin, delivery costs and babies' stay in the neonatal intensive care unit were analysed. Women who developed GDM were compared to those who were not diagnosed with GDM.
resultsTotal mean health care costs adjusted for age, body mass index and education were 25.1% higher among women diagnosed with GDM (€6,432 vs. €5,143, p < 0.001) than among women without GDM. The cost of inpatient visits was 44% higher and neonatal intensive care unit use was 49% higher in the GDM group than among women without GDM. The delivery costs were the largest single component in both groups.
conclusionsA confirmed GDM diagnosis was associated with a significant increase in total health care costs. Effective lifestyle counselling by primary health care providers may offer a means of reducing the high costs of secondary care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.