ArticleEnvironmental science & technology2012
Concentration of trichloroethylene in breast milk and household water from Nogales, Arizona.
Article in Environmental science & technology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- A nano-structured reporter for high-sensitivity contaminant detection in groundwater.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Body, the Brain, the Environment, and Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Review
- Drinking water and health assessment in a Northern Arizona community.Human and ecological risk assessment : HERA · 2023Article
- Trichloroethylene: An Invisible Cause of Parkinson's Disease?Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2023Review
- Measured and Modeled Comparisons of Chemical and Microbial Contaminants in Tap and Bottled Water in a US-Mexico Border Community.ACS ES&T water · 2022Article
- Risk perceptions of drinking bottled vs. tap water in a low-income community on the US-Mexico Border.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Sensing Techniques for Organochlorides through Intermolecular Interaction with Bicyclic Amidines.Biosensors · 2021Article
- Fate and contaminant transport model-driven probabilistic human health risk assessment of DNAPL-contaminated site.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Trichloroethylene, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant in the risk for Parkinson's disease.Environmental science. Processes & impacts · 2020Article
- Food Waste Materials as Low-Cost Adsorbents for the Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from Wastewater.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Environmental Chemicals in Breast Milk and Formula: Exposure and Risk Assessment Implications.Environmental health perspectives · 2018Review
- Assessment of the Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Trichloroethylene and Its Metabolites Using in Vitro and in Silico Approaches.Environmental science & technology · 2018Article
- Exposure Cessation During Adulthood Did Not Prevent Immunotoxicity Caused by Developmental Exposure to Low-Level Trichloroethylene in Drinking Water.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2017Article
- Inflammatory and oxidative stress-related effects associated with neurotoxicity are maintained after exclusively prenatal trichloroethylene exposure.Neurotoxicology · 2017Article
- Comparison of Fluoride Levels in Tap and Bottled Water and Reported Use of Fluoride Supplementation in a United States-Mexico Border Community.Frontiers in public health · 2017Article
- Consumer Perception and Preference of Drinking Water Sources.Electronic physician · 2016Article
- Micronucleus induction by oxidative metabolites of trichloroethylene in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes: a comparative genotoxicity study.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2013Article
- Metabolic changes and DNA hypomethylation in cerebellum are associated with behavioral alterations in mice exposed to trichloroethylene postnatally.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The United States Environmental Protection Agency has identified quantification of trichloroethylene (TCE), an industrial solvent, in breast milk as a high priority need for risk assessment. Water and milk samples were collected from 20 households by a lactation consultant in Nogales, Arizona. Separate water samples (including tap, bottled, and vending machine) were collected for all household uses: drinking, bathing, cooking, and laundry. A risk factor questionnaire was administered. Liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether was followed by GC-MS for TCE quantification in water. Breast milk underwent homogenization, lipid hydrolysis, and centrifugation prior to extraction. The limit of detection was 1.5 ng/mL. TCE was detected in 7 of 20 mothers' breast milk samples. The maximum concentration was 6 ng/mL. TCE concentration in breast milk was significantly correlated with the concentration in water used for bathing (ρ = 0.59, p = 0.008). Detection of TCE in breast milk was more likely if the infant had a body mass index <14 (RR = 5.2, p = 0.02). Based on average breast milk consumption, TCE intake for 5% of the infants may exceed the proposed U.S. EPA Reference Dose. Results of this exploratory study warrant more in depth studies to understand risk of TCE exposures from breast milk intake.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.