ArticleInternational archives of occupational and environmental health2013
Factorial validity of the effort-reward imbalance scale: evidence from multi-sample and three-wave follow-up studies.
Article in International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effort-Reward Imbalance, related risk factors and the association with depression and suicidal ideation in German dentists- BMC Psychology.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Stressful work experience over time and depression in late midlife: results from a longitudinal cohort study in Germany.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Cognitive and Emotional Irritation in German Veterinarians with Different Levels of Overcommitment.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Prevalence of sickness presenteeism and associated factors among primary school teachers in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Quality of Life and Its Association with Effort-Reward Imbalance among Medical Officers Working in Government Hospitals in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2022Article
- Understanding Reciprocity Among University Students in Low-Resource Settings: Validation and Measurement Using a Mixed-Methods Approach.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Profiles of Work Engagement and Work-Related Effort and Reward Among Teachers: Associations to Occupational Well-Being and Leader-Follower Relationship During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Psychosocial Work Stress and Health Risks - A Cross-Sectional Study of Shift Workers From the Hotel and Catering Industry and the Food Industry.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- The Effort-Reward Model and Its Effect on Burnout Among Nurses in Ecuador.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Profiles of Nature Exposure and Outdoor Activities Associated With Occupational Well-Being Among Employees.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe present study investigated whether the factor structure of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) scale (Siegrist et al. Soc Sci Med 58:1483-1499, 2004) remains same across two white-collar samples (i.e., factorial group invariance) and across three measurement times (i.e., factorial time invariance).
methodsThe factorial group invariance was tested using two different samples including 1,301 managers and 758 young white-collar professionals. The factorial time invariance was tested in the latter sample with a four-year three-wave follow-up design.
resultsThe confirmatory factor analysis performed supported the theoretically based structure of the ERI scale, that is, the scale included two first-order factors of effort and overcommitment and one second-order factor of reward with first-order factors of esteem, career opportunities, and job security. The factorial group invariance of this structure was also supported. In addition, the factor loadings of all factors remained same across three measurements; thus, lending support for the factorial time invariance.
conclusionThe ERI scale was found to be a valid tool to measure costs and gains of social exchanges at work as well as individual orientation toward work in these two occupational samples including a longitudinal study design.
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