ArticleBMC genomics2012
A microarray analysis of gnotobiotic mice indicating that microbial exposure during the neonatal period plays an essential role in immune system development.
Article in BMC genomics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Commensal bacteria promote type I interferon signaling to maintain immune tolerance in mice.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Microbial Interventions to Improve Neonatal Gut Health.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Effects of different grains on bacterial diversity and enzyme activity associated with digestion of starch in the foal stomach.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Article
- Development of epithelial cholinergic chemosensory cells of the urethra and trachea of mice.Cell and tissue research · 2021Article
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome - What We Need to Know in Clinical Practice.GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology · 2020Review
- Complex interactions between the microbiome and cancer immune therapy.Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences · 2019Review
- Development of the equine gut microbiota.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Unique Gene Expression Signatures in the Intestinal Mucosa and Organoids Derived from Germ-Free and Monoassociated Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Host-Microbe-Pathogen Interactions: A Review ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Gene expression profiles of germ-free and conventional piglets from the same litter.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Establishment of oral bacterial communities in germ-free mice and the influence of recipient age.Molecular oral microbiology · 2018Article
- Outgrowing the Immaturity Myth: The Cost of Defending From Neonatal Infectious Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Deciphering interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system via microbial cultivation and minimal microbiomes.Immunological reviews · 2017Review
- The Protective Role of Type I Interferons in the Gastrointestinal Tract.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver and the gut microbiota.Molecular metabolism · 2016Article
- Regulation of Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Germ-Free Mice by Conventionalization and Probiotics.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2016Article
- Use of Metatranscriptomics in Microbiome Research.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2016Review
- Long noncoding RNA expression profiles in gut tissues constitute molecular signatures that reflect the types of microbes.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Analysis of gene-environment interactions in postnatal development of the mammalian intestine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological studies have suggested that the encounter with commensal microorganisms during the neonatal period is essential for normal development of the host immune system. Basic research involving gnotobiotic mice has demonstrated that colonization at the age of 5 weeks is too late to reconstitute normal immune function. In this study, we examined the transcriptome profiles of the large intestine (LI), small intestine (SI), liver (LIV), and spleen (SPL) of 3 bacterial colonization models-specific pathogen-free mice (SPF), ex-germ-free mice with bacterial reconstitution at the time of delivery (0WexGF), and ex-germ-free mice with bacterial reconstitution at 5 weeks of age (5WexGF)-and compared them with those of germ-free (GF) mice.
resultsHundreds of genes were affected in all tissues in each of the colonized models; however, a gene set enrichment analysis method, MetaGene Profiler (MGP), demonstrated that the specific changes of Gene Ontology (GO) categories occurred predominantly in 0WexGF LI, SPF SI, and 5WexGF SPL, respectively. MGP analysis on signal pathways revealed prominent changes in toll-like receptor (TLR)- and type 1 interferon (IFN)-signaling in LI of 0WexGF and SPF mice, but not 5WexGF mice, while 5WexGF mice showed specific changes in chemokine signaling. RT-PCR analysis of TLR-related genes showed that the expression of interferon regulatory factor 3 (Irf3), a crucial rate-limiting transcription factor in the induction of type 1 IFN, prominently decreased in 0WexGF and SPF mice but not in 5WexGF and GF mice.
conclusionThe present study provides important new information regarding the molecular mechanisms of the so-called "hygiene hypothesis".
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.