Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22822409›Full record

ArticleSoft matter2012

Ion Electrodiffusion Governs Silk Electrogelation.

Nikola Kojic, Matthew J Panzer, Gary G Leisk, Waseem K Raja, Milos Kojic, David L Kaplan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Soft matter, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Silk-protein-based gradient hydrogels with multimode reprogrammable shape changes for biointegrated devices.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Redox Is a Global Biodevice Information Processing Modality.Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers · 2019
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Electrodeposited silk coatings for bone implants.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials · 2015
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Electrodeposited gels prepared from protein alloys.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2015
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nikola KojicDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford MA, 02155.
Matthew J Panzer
Gary G Leisk
Waseem K Raja
Milos Kojic
David L Kaplan

Funding

Translational Bioreactors - Engineering Complex TissuesP41EB002520 · NIBIB · TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD · PI KAPLAN, DAVID L. · 2004 to 2018
$16.7M
Silica-protein Nanocomposites for Dental RepairR01DE017207 · NIDCR · TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD · PI KAPLAN, DAVID L. · 2007 to 2016
$3.0M
Silk ScaffoldsR01EB003210 · NIBIB · TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD · PI KAPLAN, DAVID L. · 2003 to 2010
$2.5M
NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB002520NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB003210NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE017207
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Silk electrogelation involves the transition of an aqueous silk fibroin solution to a gel state (E-gel) in the presence of an electric current. The process is based on local pH changes as a result of water electrolysis - generating H(+) and OH(-) ions at the (+) and (-) electrodes, respectively. Silk fibroin has a pI=4.2 and when local pH<pI, E-gel forms. An experimental system was constructed that allowed the measurement of E-gel growth and pH distribution for an applied current. To explain the observed rectangular pH profile of pH(gel)~4 surrounded by pH(silk-solution)~10, a finite-element ion electrodiffusion model was developed. The model relies on electrodiffusion of the generated H(+) and OH(-) ions. Initially, inputs into the model were the measured E-gel and voltage curves. The governing ion electrodiffusion equations were solved and the calculated pH matched the experimental pH profile, indicating that ion electrodiffusion dictates local pH changes and E-gel growth. Furthermore, the model predicted the constant currents (2mA and 3mA) necessary for two hypothetical E-gel growth curves and these results were then validated experimentally. The model thus shows how ion electrodiffusion governs the electrogelation process and also provides predictable outcomes for fundamental and practical E-gel applications.

Identifiers

PMID22822409
PMCPMC3399521

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.