ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Involvement of the major capsid protein and two early-expressed phage genes in the activity of the lactococcal abortive infection mechanism AbiT.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revisiting lactococcal abortive infection-like antiphage systems: diversity, structures, and mechanisms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- In silico approaches for discovering microbial antiviral defense systems.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Review
- The great phage escape: Activating and escaping lactococcal antiphage systems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Improving phage therapy by evasion of phage resistance mechanisms.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Review
- Article
- Virus-like Particles fromInsects · 2023Article
- Bacteriophage strategies for overcoming host antiviral immunity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Comparative genomics and functional analysis of the 936 group of lactococcal Siphoviridae phages.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- The cost of phage resistance in a plant pathogenic bacterium is context-dependent.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2015Article
- Progress in lactic acid bacterial phage research.Microbial cell factories · 2014Review
- The plasmid complement of Lactococcus lactis UC509.9 encodes multiple bacteriophage resistance systems.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- Structure, adsorption to host, and infection mechanism of virulent lactococcal phage p2.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Revenge of the phages: defeating bacterial defences.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2013Review
- Effect of the abortive infection mechanism and type III toxin/antitoxin system AbiQ on the lytic cycle of Lactococcus lactis phages.Journal of bacteriology · 2013Article
- Characterization of two virulent phages of Lactobacillus plantarum.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The dairy industry uses the mesophilic, Gram-positive, lactic acid bacterium (LAB) Lactococcus lactis to produce an array of fermented milk products. Milk fermentation processes are susceptible to contamination by virulent phages, but a plethora of phage control strategies are available. One of the most efficient is to use LAB strains carrying phage resistance systems such as abortive infection (Abi) mechanisms. Yet, the mode of action of most Abi systems remains poorly documented. Here, we shed further light on the antiviral activity of the lactococcal AbiT system. Twenty-eight AbiT-resistant phage mutants derived from the wild-type AbiT-sensitive lactococcal phages p2, bIL170, and P008 were isolated and characterized. Comparative genomic analyses identified three different genes that were mutated in these virulent AbiT-insensitive phage derivatives: e14 (bIL170 [e14(bIL170)]), orf41 (P008 [orf41(P008)]), and orf6 (p2 [orf6(p2)] and P008 [orf6(P008)]). The genes e14(bIL170) and orf41(P008) are part of the early-expressed genomic region, but bioinformatic analyses did not identify their putative function. orf6 is found in the phage morphogenesis module. Antibodies were raised against purified recombinant ORF6, and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that it is the major capsid protein (MCP). Coexpression in L. lactis of ORF6(p2) and ORF5(p2), a protease, led to the formation of procapsids. To our knowledge, AbiT is the first Abi system involving distinct phage genes.
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