ArticleNature biotechnology2012
A tissue-engineered jellyfish with biomimetic propulsion.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
179 citing papers in PubMed.
- Wireless bioelectronic control architectures for muscle-powered biohybrid robotic systems.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- Soft Skins With Reversible Thickness Morphing: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Optoelectronic Biohybrid Platform Enables Light-Controlled Cardiac Structural and Functional Feedback.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Co-optimized volumetric muscle design for large dynamic deformations in versatile biohybrid robots.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Universality in peristaltic locomotion: Linking biology, theory, and simulation.Science advances · 2026Article
- 2D Skeletal Muscle Thin Film Actuators Enhance Efficiency of Biohybrid Robots.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Biohybrid Robots with Embedded Conductive Fibers for Actuation, Sensing, and Closed-loop Control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Soft Biomimetic Underwater Vehicles: A Review of Actuation Mechanisms, Structure Designs and Underwater Applications.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Three-dimensional robotic structures fabricated and powered entirely with proteins.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Jellyfish-Inspired Ultrafast and Versatile Magnetic Soft Robots for Biomedical Applications.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Release, Transfer, Fold: Using a Silicone Adhesive for On-Demand 3D Tissue Engineering.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Thermally Actuated Soft Robotics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Fabrication of Soft Robotics by Additive Manufacturing: From Materials to Applications.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Bioinspired Intelligent Soft Robotics: From Multidisciplinary Integration to Next-Generation Intelligence.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- The Morphological, Behavioral, and Transcriptomic Life Cycle of Anthrobots.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- A forward-engineered, muscle-driven soft robotic swimmer.Science advances · 2025Article
- Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Leveraging microtopography to pattern multi-oriented muscle actuators.Biomaterials science · 2025Article
- Biohybrid living robotics: A comprehensive review of recent advances, technological innovation, and future prospects.npj Robotics · 2025Article
- Recent Developments and Applications of 3D-Printing Technology in Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery Systems: A New Research Direction and Future Trends.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reverse engineering of biological form and function requires hierarchical design over several orders of space and time. Recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of biosynthetic compound materials, computer-aided design approaches in molecular synthetic biology 4,5 and traditional soft robotics, and increasing aptitude in generating structural and chemical micro environments that promote cellular self-organization have enhanced the ability to recapitulate such hierarchical architecture in engineered biological systems. Here we combined these capabilities in a systematic design strategy to reverse engineer a muscular pump. We report the construction of a freely swimming jellyfish from chemically dissociated rat tissue and silicone polymer as a proof of concept. The constructs, termed 'medusoids', were designed with computer simulations and experiments to match key determinants of jellyfish propulsion and feeding performance by quantitatively mimicking structural design, stroke kinematics and animal-fluid interactions. The combination of the engineering design algorithm with quantitative benchmarks of physiological performance suggests that our strategy is broadly applicable to reverse engineering of muscular organs or simple life forms that pump to survive.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.