ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2012
Memory CD4+ T cells protect against influenza through multiple synergizing mechanisms.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers.
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Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed.
- SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell therapy for severe COVID-19: a randomized phase 1/2 trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Phase II, randomized, open, controlled study of AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 pre-pandemic influenza vaccine in children aged 3 to 9 years: follow-up of safety and immunogenicity persistence at 24 months post-vaccination.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2015Trial
- Superior antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell response with AS03-adjuvantation of a trivalent influenza vaccine in a randomised trial of adults aged 65 and older.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Vaccine-induced boosting of influenza virus-specific CD4 T cells in younger and aged humans.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Reduced T cell epitope cross-conservation and immunogenic potential is associated with emergence of a dominant influenza subclade K in 2025.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Using interpretable machine learning models to predict the occurrence of severe influenza in hospitalized children: a retrospective cohort study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- SphB1 export system for antigen presentation to the respiratory tract by a live pertussis vaccine.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Nasal CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells provide cross-protective immunity to influenza.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Immune history confers antibody- and T cell-dependent cross-protection against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- The role of T cells in influenza infection and vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Lung tissue-resident memory T cells optimize protection by IL-10 regulation of innate immunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Orchestrating immunopathology: the spectrum of programmed cell death pathways co-opted by influenza a virus in pulmonary immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- T-cell immunity against influenza virus does not require Th1 or Th17 master regulator transcription factors.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an intranasal neuraminidase-based influenza vaccine with bacterial cell membrane-derived adjuvants.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Virus-specific CD4+ T cells contribute to clearance of human metapneumovirus despite exhibiting an impaired phenotype.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Inflammatory conditions shape phenotypic and functional characteristics of lung-resident memory T cells in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Preexisting vaccine-primed heterosubtypic T cell immunity protects the maternal-fetal unit from adverse influenza outcomes in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Airway-resident memory CD4 T cell activation accelerates antigen presentation and T cell priming in draining lymph nodes.JCI insight · 2024Article
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Memory CD4+ T cells combat viral infection and contribute to protective immune responses through multiple mechanisms, but how these pathways interact is unclear. We found that several pathways involving memory CD4+ T cells act together to effectively clear influenza A virus (IAV) in otherwise unprimed mice. Memory CD4+ T cell protection was enhanced through synergy with naive B cells or CD8+ T cells and maximized when both were present. However, memory CD4+ T cells protected against lower viral doses independently of other lymphocytes through production of IFN-γ. Moreover, memory CD4+ T cells selected for epitope-specific viral escape mutants via a perforin-dependent pathway. By deconstructing protective immunity mediated by memory CD4+ T cells, we demonstrated that this population simultaneously acts through multiple pathways to provide a high level of protection that ensures eradication of rapidly mutating pathogens such as IAV. This redundancy indicates the need for reductionist approaches for delineating the individual mechanisms of protection mediated by memory CD4+ T cells responding to pathogens.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.