Trial reportBiological psychiatry2012
Dose-related behavioral, subjective, endocrine, and psychophysiological effects of the κ opioid agonist Salvinorin A in humans.
Trial report in Biological psychiatry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- The translational potential of salvinorin A: systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Psychosis-Relevant Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Mega Analysis of Individual Participant-Data from Human Laboratory Studies.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Naltrexone but Not Ketanserin Antagonizes the Subjective, Cardiovascular, and Neuroendocrine Effects of Salvinorin-A in Humans.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Kinetic modeling of (11)C-LY2795050, a novel antagonist radiotracer for PET imaging of the kappa opioid receptor in humans.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2014Trial
- Dose-related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects.Psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Opioid Receptors in Psychedelia: Indirect Serotonergic Modulation of Direct KOR Activation by Salvinorin A.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Addressing blinding in classic psychedelic studies with innovative active placebos.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- κ-opioid receptor: from analgesic target to neuroimmune hub.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Discovery of Potent Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonists Derived from Akuammicine.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Emerging Psychotropic Drug for the Treatment of Trigeminal Pain: Salvinorin A.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Contingent administration of typical and biased kappa opioid agonists reduces cocaine and oxycodone choice in a drug vs. food choice procedure in male rhesus monkeys.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Dynorphin / kappa-opioid receptor regulation of excitation-inhibition balance toggles afferent control of prefrontal cortical circuits in a pathway-specific manner.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Effects of the novel selective κ-opioid receptor agonist NP-5497-KA on morphine-induced reward-related behaviors.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities of Clerodane-Type Diterpenes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Molecular mechanism of biased signaling at the kappa opioid receptor.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A Focused Review on Cognitive Improvement by the GenusPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Altered States Database: Psychometric data from a systematic literature review.Scientific data · 2022Article
- Models of psychedelic drug action: modulation of cortical-subcortical circuits.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Article
- The Kappa Opioid Receptor and the Sleep of Reason: Cortico-Subcortical Imbalance Following Salvinorin-A.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Dynorphin/Kappa-Opioid Receptor System Modulation of Cortical Circuitry.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSalvia divinorum (Salvia) is an increasingly popular recreational drug amongst adolescents and young adults. Its primary active ingredient, Salvinorin A (SA)-a highly selective agonist at the κ opiate receptor-is believed to be one of the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogens. However, there is little experimental data on the effects of SA in humans.
methodsIn a 3-day, double-blind, randomized, crossover, counterbalanced study, the behavioral, subjective, cognitive, psychophysiological, and endocrine effects of 0 mg, 8 mg, and 12 mg of inhaled SA were characterized in 10 healthy individuals who had previously used Salvia.
resultsSA produced psychotomimetic effects and perceptual alterations, including dissociative and somaesthetic effects, increased plasma cortisol and prolactin, and reduced resting electroencephalogram spectral power. The SA administration was associated with a rapid increase of its levels in the blood. SA did not produce euphoria, cognitive deficits, or changes in vital signs. The effects were transient and not dose-related. SA administration was very well-tolerated without acute or delayed adverse effects.
conclusionsSA produced a wide range of transient effects in healthy subjects. The perceptual altering effects and lack of euphoric effects would explain its intermittent use pattern. Such a profile would also suggest a low addictive potential similar to other hallucinogens and consistent with κ opiate receptor agonism. Further work is warranted to carefully characterize a full spectrum of its effects in humans, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved, and to explore the basis for individual variability in its effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.