ReviewBMC gastroenterology2012
Autoimmune hepatitis type 2 associated with an unexpected and transient presence of primary biliary cirrhosis-specific antimitochondrial antibodies: a case study and review of the literature.
Review in BMC gastroenterology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping of the Antinuclear Autoantibodies in Sudanese patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus after HAART receiving: A cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Are Gender Differences Important for Autoimmune Liver Diseases?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Primary biliary cholangitis with features of autoimmune hepatitis in a 19-year-old adolescent with 14q24.1q24.2 deletion: a case report.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Etiopathogenesis and Diagnostic Strategies in Autoimmune Hepatitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Epidemiology and clinical course of primary biliary cholangitis in Eastern Slovakia.International journal of public health · 2020Article
- Low rate of new-onset primary biliary cholangitis in a cohort of anti-mitochondrial antibody-positive subjects over six years of follow-up.Journal of internal medicine · 2020Article
- A case of primary biliary cholangitis overlapping with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2020Article
- In drug-induced, immune-mediated hepatitis, interleukin-33 reduces hepatitis and improves survival independently and as a consequence of FoxP3+ T-cell activity.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2019Article
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis- Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2018Article
- Prevalence of selected organ-specific autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome patients.Reumatologia · 2015Article
- Potential Roles for Infectious Agents in the Pathophysiology of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: What's New?Current infectious disease reports · 2013Article
- The X-factor in primary biliary cirrhosis: monosomy X and xenobiotics.Auto- immunity highlights · 2012Review
- Tuberculosis is not a risk factor for primary biliary cirrhosis: a review of the literature.Tuberculosis research and treatment · 2012Article
- Twelve-year-old girl with primary biliary cirrhosis.Case reports in pediatrics · 2012Article
- Rheumatoid arthritis and primary biliary cirrhosis: cause, consequence, or coincidence?Arthritis · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnlike other autoimmune liver diseases, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has never been reported in early childhood, while type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is eminently a paediatric disease. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of type 2 AIH with serological positivity for PBC-specific anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) in a 3-year old girl. We found this observation intriguing as AMA and indeed an overlap with PBC are virtually absent in Type 2 AIH, a pediatric form of AIH which is distinct precisely because it is characterized by pathognomonic anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 (LKM-1) showing a remarkable antigen-specificity directed against cytochrome P4502D6. We also review the literature in relation to AMA positivity in paediatric age and adolescence. In our case, the presence of AIH-2-specific anti-LKM-1 and PBC-specific AMA was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and immunoblotting and ELISA based on recombinant mitochondrial antigens. The clinical, laboratory and histological features of the child are given in detail. Interestingly the mother was AMA positive without other features of PBC. The child was successfully treated with immunosuppression and five years after the original diagnosis is on a low dose of prednisolone and azathioprine, with no signs of relapse. Anti-LKM-1 antibodies are still present in low titres. AMA were detectable for the first 4 years after the diagnosis and disappeared later.
conclusionThis is the first case report in the literature of AIH type 2 with an unexpected PBC-specific AMA positivity in a young child. Response to immunosuppressive treatment was satisfactory and similar to that described in AIH. A review of published reports on AMA positivity in paediatric age shows that the antibody may arise in the context of immunodeficiency and is variably associated with liver damage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.