ReviewViruses2012
Mechanisms of coronavirus cell entry mediated by the viral spike protein.
Review in Viruses, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 767 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
767 citing papers in PubMed, 1,423 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coronavirus surveillance in passerines reveals novel deltacoronaviruses in Eurasian tree sparrows with implications for One Health and livestock biosecurity.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Bovine coronavirus enters PBIECs via membrane fusion and clathrin-, caveolin-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis.Virulence · 2026Article
- Hitting Coronaviruses Where It Hurts: Antiviral Strategies Targeting Viral Proteins.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Liver Disease and Plant-Derived Phytoconstituents: From Ethnopharmacology to Modern Medicine.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
- Loss-of-function mutation in Omicron variants reduces spike protein expression and attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immunopharmacological design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting sarbecovirus Spike glycoprotein.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- In Silico Modeling of Structural Compatibility and Alignment Between Viral Class I Fusion Cores and Human TLR4/MD-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Successful in vitro propagation of feline coronavirus from clinically diagnosed feline infectious peritonitis cases using Vero cells: A potential model for future research.Veterinary record open · 2026Article
- Development and Efficacy Evaluation of an Indirect ELISA Method Based on the Immunodominant Region of the Spike Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Exploring coronavirus cell entry with functional viromics.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Immune Cell Signaling in Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Infection and Implications for Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2026Review
- How endosomal PIKfyve inhibition prevents viral membrane fusion and entry.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Computational design of an ultrapotent deltacoronavirus miniprotein inhibitor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- AI-guided prefusion stabilization of the human coronavirus OC43 spike protein enables universal embecovirus antigen design.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Cell entry mechanisms of porcine enteric coronaviruses.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Mutations to the HCoV-229E spike have counterbalancing effects on serum antibody neutralization and receptor binding.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Beyond macrophages: FIPV tropism includes T and B lymphocytes.Veterinary microbiology · 2026Article
- SETDB2 Mitigates Podocyte Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease Through Epigenetic Silencing of SMAD3.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Discovery of thiadiazole-based small-molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike-ACE2 interaction through integrated computational prediction and experimental validation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
707 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. To deliver their nucleocapsid into the host cell, they rely on the fusion of their envelope with the host cell membrane. The spike glycoprotein (S) mediates virus entry and is a primary determinant of cell tropism and pathogenesis. It is classified as a class I fusion protein, and is responsible for binding to the receptor on the host cell as well as mediating the fusion of host and viral membranes-A process driven by major conformational changes of the S protein. This review discusses coronavirus entry mechanisms focusing on the different triggers used by coronaviruses to initiate the conformational change of the S protein: receptor binding, low pH exposure and proteolytic activation. We also highlight commonalities between coronavirus S proteins and other class I viral fusion proteins, as well as distinctive features that confer distinct tropism, pathogenicity and host interspecies transmission characteristics to coronaviruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.