ReviewClinical & developmental immunology2012
The tuberculous granuloma: an unsuccessful host defence mechanism providing a safety shelter for the bacteria?
Review in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immune dysregulation in tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity: mechanistic and translational insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Gut-lung axis and microbiome alterations in mycobacterial infections: from pathogenesis to therapeutic potential.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- The Proteome of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles in Latent and Active Tuberculosis Reveals Phase-Specific Composition and Immunometabolic Insights.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of a multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical specimens.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Interstitial and recruited macrophages prevent tuberculosis relapse by limiting immune evasion.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Immune endotypes in tuberculosis: Keys to decoding disease complexity.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- The immunometabolic topography of cellular organization and bacterial control in tuberculosis granulomas.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Analysis of immune cytokines and cell surface markers in FFPE biopsy samples from patients with suspected endometrial and lymph Node Tuberculosis.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Probable Pleural-Based Pulmonary Tuberculoma Mimicking Lung Malignancy: A Case Report.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2026Article
- Antibacterial Immunotherapy: Mechanistic Insights, Emerging Therapeutic Strategies, and Clinical Translation.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Macrophage states and polarization duringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Immunotherapy for tuberculosis: current landscape, mechanistic insights, and translational perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Inflammasome Activation Differences Underpin DifferentMedComm · 2025Article
- Advancing Tuberculosis Chemotherapy: Targeted Nanomedicines for the Mycobacterium TB Granuloma.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- Primary tuberculous mycobacterial granulomas provide a niche for superinfecting Mycobacterium abscessus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis: cellular mechanisms and immune modulation.Veterinary research · 2025Review
- ESX-5 Deletions inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One of the main features of the immune response to M. Tuberculosis is the formation of an organized structure called granuloma. It consists mainly in the recruitment at the infectious stage of macrophages, highly differentiated cells such as multinucleated giant cells, epithelioid cells and Foamy cells, all these cells being surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes. Although in the first instance the granuloma acts to constrain the infection, some bacilli can actually survive inside these structures for a long time in a dormant state. For some reasons, which are still unclear, the bacilli will reactivate in 10% of the latently infected individuals, escape the granuloma and spread throughout the body, thus giving rise to clinical disease, and are finally disseminated throughout the environment. In this review we examine the process leading to the formation of the granulomatous structures and the different cell types that have been shown to be part of this inflammatory reaction. We also discuss the different in vivo and in vitro models available to study this fascinating immune structure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.