ArticleJournal of neurovirology2012
Antiretroviral neurotoxicity.
Article in Journal of neurovirology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 185 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
185 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Applications of Machine Learning for Cognitive Health in Older Individuals With HIV: Rapid Systematic Review.JMIR aging · 2025Pooled it
- A Meta-Analytic Review of the Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Neurocognitive Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV-1 in Low-and Middle-Income Countries.Neuropsychology review · 2022Pooled it
- Mitochondrial changes associated with viral infectious diseases in the paediatric population.Reviews in medical virology · 2021Pooled it
- Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.Neuropsychology review · 2019Pooled it
- Brain Structural Changes following HIV Infection: Meta-Analysis.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2018Pooled it
- Implications and prospects of immunological and neuroimaging research in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid, Liver and Intima-media-thickness Biomarkers in Patients with HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders Randomized to a Less Neurotoxic Treatment Regimen.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Trial
- Antiretroviral Therapy Intensification for Neurocognitive Impairment in Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker changes in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment treated with lithium: analysis from a randomised placebo-controlled trial.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Trial
- High efavirenz levels but not neurofilament light plasma levels are associated with poor neurocognitive functioning in asymptomatic HIV patients.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Does efavirenz replacement improve neurological function in treated HIV infection?HIV medicine · 2017Trial
- The effects of antiretroviral treatment initiation on cognition in HIV-infected individuals with advanced disease in Pune, India.Journal of neurovirology · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Low-Dose Cannabidiol Treatment does not Alter Cognitive Performance in the HIV-1 Transgenic Rat Model of NeuroHIV.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Associations between plasma biomarkers and changes in cognitive function over two years in people with and without HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- HIV Infection, Neurotoxicity, Inflammation, Premature Aging, and Therapeutic Challenges to PLWH: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: current progress and future challenges.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Neurotoxic effects of acyclovir: impacts on oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitter dynamics in male Wistar rats.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) has proven to effectively suppress systemic HIV burden, however, poor penetration into the central nervous system (CNS) provides incomplete protection. Although the severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) has been reduced, neurological disease is expected to exert an increasing burden as HIV-infected patients live longer. Strategies to enhance penetration of antiretroviral compounds into the CNS could help to control HIV replication in this reservoir but also carries an increased risk of neurotoxicity. Efforts to target antiretroviral compounds to the CNS will have to balance these risks against the potential gain. Unfortunately, little information is available on the actions of antiretroviral compounds in the CNS, particularly at concentrations that provide effective virus suppression. The current studies evaluated the direct effects of 15 antiretroviral compounds on neurons to begin to provide basic neurotoxicity data that will serve as a foundation for the development of dosing and drug selection guidelines. Using sensitive indices of neural damage, we found a wide range of toxicities, with median toxic concentrations ranging from 2 to 10,000 ng/ml. Some toxic concentrations overlapped concentrations currently seen in the CSF but the level of toxicity was generally modest at clinically relevant concentrations. Highest neurotoxicities were associated with abacavir, efavarenz, etravirine, nevaripine, and atazanavir, while the lowest were with darunavir, emtracitabine, tenofovir, and maraviroc. No additive effects were seen with combinations used clinically. These data provide initial evidence useful for the development of treatment strategies that might reduce the risk of antiretroviral neurotoxicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.